Recombinant Human HAVCR2 protein

**Background of HAVCR2 Recombinant Protein**

HAVCR2 (Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2), also known as TIM-3 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3), is an immune checkpoint protein expressed on activated T cells, regulatory T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. It plays a critical role in modulating immune responses, particularly in suppressing T-cell activation and promoting immune tolerance. HAVCR2 interacts with ligands such as galectin-9. phosphatidylserine, and HMGB1. triggering inhibitory signals that regulate effector T-cell exhaustion and mitigate excessive inflammation. Dysregulation of HAVCR2 is implicated in autoimmune diseases, chronic infections, and cancer, where its overexpression often correlates with T-cell dysfunction and tumor immune evasion.

Recombinant HAVCR2 protein is engineered in vitro using genetic cloning techniques, typically expressed in mammalian or insect cell systems to ensure proper post-translational modifications. This protein retains the functional domains of native HAVCR2. including the immunoglobulin variable (IgV) domain and mucin stalk, enabling ligand-binding and downstream signaling studies. Researchers utilize HAVCR2 recombinant protein to investigate its interaction networks, develop therapeutic antibodies, or screen small molecules targeting immune checkpoint pathways. In cancer immunotherapy, blocking HAVCR2/TIM-3 signaling has emerged as a strategy to reverse T-cell exhaustion and enhance antitumor immunity. Conversely, in autoimmune disorders, activating HAVCR2 may help restore immune homeostasis. Its recombinant form thus serves as a vital tool for both mechanistic studies and translational applications in immunology and oncology.