Mouse Monoclonal CD368 Antibody

CD368. also known as TIM-3 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3), is an immune checkpoint receptor primarily expressed on activated T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and myeloid cells. Discovered in the early 2000s, TIM-3 plays a dual role in immune regulation, modulating both pro-inflammatory and inhibitory signals. It interacts with ligands such as galectin-9. phosphatidylserine, HMGB1. and CEACAM1. triggering downstream pathways that influence T-cell exhaustion, tolerance, and apoptosis. In cancer, TIM-3 is often upregulated in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, contributing to immune evasion and resistance to therapies like anti-PD-1/PD-L1. This has positioned TIM-3 as a promising target for combination immunotherapy. Conversely, in autoimmune diseases, TIM-3 dysfunction is linked to hyperactive immune responses, suggesting therapeutic potential through agonistic antibodies or ligand-based modulation. Research on CD368 antibodies focuses on blocking TIM-3 to restore anti-tumor immunity or fine-tuning its activity to suppress autoimmunity. Challenges include understanding context-dependent signaling and optimizing clinical efficacy while minimizing toxicity. Preclinical studies and early-phase trials continue to explore its applications across oncology and inflammatory disorders.