| WB | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IF | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IHC | 1/100-1/300 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| ICC | 技术咨询 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| FCM | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Elisa | 1/2000-1/5000 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Aliases | GS; GLNS; PIG43; PIG59 |
| WB Predicted band size | 42 kDa |
| Host/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
| Antibody Type | Primary antibody |
| Storage | Store at 4°C short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Species Reactivity | Human, Mouse, Rat |
| Immunogen | Fusion protein of human GLUL |
| Formulation | Purified antibody in PBS with 0.05% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. |
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以下是关于GLUL抗体的3篇参考文献示例(注：文献信息为模拟示例，仅供参考)：
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1. **文献名称**：*Astrocytic Glutamine Synthetase (GLUL) Deficiency Disrupts Glutamate Homeostasis in the Brain*
**作者**：Suzuki A, et al.
**摘要**：研究通过GLUL抗体检测发现，星形胶质细胞中GLUL表达缺失会导致谷氨酸代谢紊乱，加剧神经兴奋性毒性，提示其在神经退行性疾病中的潜在作用。
2. **文献名称**：*Overexpression of GLUL in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Correlates with Poor Prognosis*
**作者**：Christensen HN, et al.
**摘要**：利用GLUL抗体进行免疫组化分析，发现肝细胞癌中GLUL蛋白高表达与患者生存率降低显著相关，提示其作为癌症治疗靶点的潜力。
3. **文献名称**：*Metabolic Adaptation in GLUL-Knockout Mice: Insights from Western Blot and Immunofluorescence*
**作者**：Heiser LM, et al.
**摘要**：通过GLUL抗体验证小鼠模型中的基因敲除效率，发现GLUL缺失导致肝脏和脑部代谢重编程，为代谢疾病研究提供新方向。
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如需具体文献，建议通过PubMed或Google Scholar搜索关键词“GLUL antibody”或“glutamine synthetase antibody”获取最新研究。
GLUL (glutamine synthetase) is a key enzyme in nitrogen metabolism, catalyzing the ATP-dependent conversion of glutamate and ammonia to glutamine. This reaction is critical for maintaining cellular nitrogen balance, detoxifying ammonia, and producing glutamine—an essential nutrient for protein synthesis, nucleotide biosynthesis, and energy metabolism in proliferating cells. The GLUL gene encodes a highly conserved protein across species, functioning as a homooctamer in eukaryotic cells.
GLUL antibodies are widely used tools in biomedical research to study tissue-specific expression patterns, cellular localization, and regulatory mechanisms of glutamine synthetase. In the central nervous system, GLUL is predominantly expressed in astrocytes, where it supports neurotransmitter recycling and protects neurons from ammonia toxicity. Its dysregulation has been implicated in neurological disorders, hepatic encephalopathy, and cancer. In cancer biology, GLUL overexpression is associated with tumor progression and altered metabolism, making it a potential therapeutic target.
These antibodies are validated for applications including Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Researchers also utilize GLUL antibodies to investigate metabolic adaptations under hypoxia, nutrient stress, or mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, GLUL expression is regulated by multiple signaling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin and mTOR, linking its activity to broader cellular homeostasis networks. Quality-specific GLUL antibodies help distinguish functional isoforms and post-translational modifications, advancing studies in cellular metabolism and disease mechanisms.
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