| WB | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IF | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IHC | 1/10-1/50 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| ICC | 技术咨询 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| FCM | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Elisa | 1/5000-1/10000 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Aliases | GTM4; GSTM4-4 |
| WB Predicted band size | 26 kDa |
| Host/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
| Antibody Type | Primary antibody |
| Storage | Store at 4°C short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Species Reactivity | Human, Mouse |
| Immunogen | Full length fusion protein |
| Formulation | Purified antibody in PBS with 0.05% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. |
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以下是关于GSTM4抗体的模拟参考文献示例，供参考：
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1. **文献名称**：*GSTM4 Expression and Its Role in Oxidative Stress Resistance in Colorectal Cancer*
**作者**：Smith A, et al.
**摘要**：本研究通过Western blot和免疫组化分析GSTM4蛋白在结直肠癌组织中的表达，发现其高表达与化疗耐药性相关。使用特异性GSTM4抗体证实其在癌旁正常组织中的低表达，提示GSTM4可能作为氧化应激反应的生物标志物。
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2. **文献名称**：*Characterization of a Novel Monoclonal Antibody Against Human GSTM4 for Functional Studies*
**作者**：Li X, Wang Y.
**摘要**：作者开发了一种针对人GSTM4的单克隆抗体，验证了其特异性(通过siRNA敲低实验和质谱分析)，并应用于流式细胞术检测不同癌细胞系中GSTM4的亚细胞定位，发现其胞质富集特性可能与细胞解毒功能相关。
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3. **文献名称**：*GSTM4 Polymorphisms and Protein Expression Patterns in Hepatocellular Carcinoma*
**作者**：Tanaka K, et al.
**摘要**：该研究结合基因分型和免疫组织化学(使用兔源多克隆GSTM4抗体)，发现GSTM4基因rs366631位点多态性与肝癌患者蛋白表达水平下降显著相关，且低表达患者预后较差，提示其潜在临床意义。
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4. **文献名称**：*Functional Redundancy Among GST Mu Family Members: Insights from GSTM4 Knockout Models*
**作者**：Johnson R, et al.
**摘要**：通过构建GSTM4敲除小鼠模型，利用特异性抗体进行蛋白表达验证，发现GSTM4缺失导致肝脏对特定致癌物代谢能力下降，但GSTM1可部分补偿其功能，揭示了Mu家族成员的功能冗余性。
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**注**：以上文献为模拟示例，实际引用需查询PubMed、Web of Science等数据库获取真实研究。
The glutathione S-transferase mu 4 (GSTM4) antibody is a tool used to detect and study the GSTM4 protein, a member of the GST mu family involved in cellular detoxification. GSTM4. encoded by the *GSTM4* gene, is part of the phase II metabolism system, conjugating glutathione to electrophilic substrates to neutralize toxins, oxidative stress byproducts, and carcinogens. While GSTM1 and GSTM2 are well-characterized, GSTM4 remains less studied, though it shares structural homology and functional overlap with other mu-class GSTs.
GSTM4 is expressed in various tissues, including the liver, brain, and reproductive organs, and its dysregulation has been linked to cancer progression, neurodegenerative diseases, and drug resistance. Antibodies targeting GSTM4 enable researchers to investigate its expression patterns, subcellular localization, and interactions via techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF). These antibodies are critical for exploring GSTM4's role in redox homeostasis, apoptosis regulation, and chemotherapeutic response modulation.
Commercial GSTM4 antibodies are typically raised in rabbits or mice using recombinant protein or peptide immunogens. Validation includes specificity tests (e.g., knockout controls) and application-specific checks. Studies using these antibodies have suggested GSTM4's potential as a biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer, and neurological disorders, though its exact mechanisms remain under investigation. Researchers must verify antibody compatibility with their experimental models to avoid cross-reactivity with other GST isoforms.
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