| WB | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IF | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IHC | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| ICC | 技术咨询 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| FCM | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Elisa | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Aliases | CD28, CD28 antigen, CD28 antigen (Tp44), Tp44, CD28 molecule |
| Entrez GeneID | 940; |
| WB Predicted band size | 25kDa |
| Host/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
| Antibody Type | Primary antibody |
| Storage | Store at 4°C short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Species Reactivity | Human,Mouse |
| Immunogen | Synthesized peptide derived from human CD28 around the phosphorylation site of Tyr218. |
| Formulation | Purified antibody in PBS with 0.05% sodium azide,0.5%BSA and 50% glycerol. |
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以下是3篇涉及CD28 (Phospho-Tyr218)抗体的文献摘要，供参考：
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1. **文献名称**: *CD28 Phosphorylation at Tyrosine 218 Regulates T Cell Costimulatory Responses*
**作者**: Smith A, et al.
**摘要**: 研究揭示了CD28在Tyr218位点的磷酸化在T细胞共刺激信号中的关键作用。通过使用Phospho-Tyr218特异性抗体，作者发现该位点的磷酸化增强了PI3K/Akt通路激活，并促进T细胞增殖和细胞因子分泌。
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2. **文献名称**: *Phosphorylation-Dependent Interactions of CD28 with Lck and Lipid Rafts in T Cell Activation*
**作者**: Lee B, et al.
**摘要**: 利用Phospho-Tyr218抗体进行免疫沉淀和共聚焦成像，证明CD28磷酸化后与Lck激酶结合并富集于脂筏，促进免疫突触形成，为T细胞活化提供分子机制证据。
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3. **文献名称**: *Targeting CD28 Phosphorylation in Autoimmune Disease Models*
**作者**: Chen X, et al.
**摘要**: 通过Western blot和流式细胞术分析，发现抑制Tyr218磷酸化可减轻小鼠类风湿性关节炎症状。研究支持CD28磷酸化抗体在自身免疫疾病治疗中的潜在应用价值。
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*注：以上文献为示例，实际引用时请核对真实来源及准确性。建议通过PubMed或期刊数据库查询具体文章。*
The CD28 (Phospho-Tyr218) antibody is a specialized tool used to detect the phosphorylated form of the CD28 co-stimulatory receptor at tyrosine residue 218 (Y218). CD28 is a critical transmembrane protein expressed on T cells, playing a pivotal role in amplifying T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling and promoting T-cell activation, survival, and cytokine production. Upon binding to its ligands (CD80/CD86 on antigen-presenting cells), CD28 undergoes phosphorylation at specific tyrosine residues within its cytoplasmic tail, including Y218. This post-translational modification serves as a docking site for signaling adaptors, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2), facilitating downstream signaling cascades essential for optimal immune responses.
The CD28 (Phospho-Tyr218) antibody is specifically designed to recognize CD28 only when phosphorylated at Y218. enabling researchers to study the activation status and signaling dynamics of CD28 in experimental models. It is widely used in techniques like Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry to investigate T-cell activation mechanisms, immune synapse formation, and dysregulated CD28 signaling in autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiencies, or cancer immunotherapy contexts. This antibody is particularly valuable for elucidating how CD28 phosphorylation modulates immune cell function and for evaluating therapeutic interventions targeting co-stimulatory pathways. Proper controls, such as unstimulated cells or phosphatase-treated samples, are recommended to confirm phosphorylation-specific detection.
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