Recombinant Human EFNA3 protein

**Background of EFNA3 Recombinant Protein**

Ephrin-A3 (EFNA3) is a member of the ephrin family of membrane-bound ligands that interact with Eph receptor tyrosine kinases to mediate bidirectional cell-cell signaling. This ligand-receptor system plays critical roles in developmental processes, including axon guidance, tissue patterning, and angiogenesis, as well as in pathological conditions such as cancer, inflammation, and neurological disorders. EFNA3 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein primarily expressed in the brain, vascular endothelium, and certain epithelial tissues. It binds preferentially to EphA-class receptors (e.g., EphA3. EphA4), triggering signaling cascades that regulate cell adhesion, migration, and spatial organization.

Recombinant EFNA3 protein is engineered to mimic the native ligand's functional properties while enabling controlled experimental use. It is typically produced in mammalian expression systems (e.g., HEK293 or CHO cells) or *E. coli* (as a soluble fragment), depending on the requirement for post-translational modifications. The recombinant form often includes the extracellular receptor-binding domain, purified to high homogeneity for use in *in vitro* or *in vivo* studies. Researchers employ EFNA3 recombinant protein to investigate its role in Eph receptor activation, downstream signaling pathways (e.g., MAPK, PI3K), and its involvement in diseases. For instance, EFNA3 overexpression has been linked to tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, making it a potential therapeutic target.

In drug discovery, EFNA3 recombinant protein serves as a tool for screening inhibitors or antibodies that block EphA-ephrin interactions. Its applications extend to neuronal regeneration studies, where EFNA3-EphA signaling influences synaptic plasticity and repair. Challenges in production include maintaining proper folding and avoiding aggregation, necessitating stringent quality control via techniques like SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, and functional assays (e.g., receptor-binding ELISAs). Overall, EFNA3 recombinant protein is a vital resource for dissecting cell communication mechanisms and developing targeted therapies.