Recombinant Human SLC4A1 protein

The SLC4A1 gene encodes anion exchanger 1 (AE1), a transmembrane protein critical for maintaining pH and ion balance in erythrocytes and renal tissues. Also known as Band 3 protein in red blood cells, AE1 facilitates the exchange of chloride (Cl⁻) and bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) across cell membranes, supporting CO₂ transport and acid-base homeostasis. In the kidney, a shorter isoform (kAE1) mediates bicarbonate reabsorption in α-intercalated cells. Dysfunctional AE1 is linked to hereditary disorders, including hereditary spherocytosis (defective erythrocyte stability) and distal renal tubular acidosis (impaired urinary acidification), often caused by mutations affecting protein trafficking or ion transport.

Recombinant SLC4A1 proteins are engineered using expression systems (e.g., mammalian, insect, or bacterial cells) to study AE1's structure-function relationships, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic targeting. These proteins enable detailed biochemical analyses, such as mapping ion-binding sites, characterizing pathogenic mutations, or screening small molecules that modulate transport activity. Crystallography and cryo-EM studies using recombinant AE1 fragments have revealed insights into its dimeric structure, membrane topology, and interaction partners (e.g., hemoglobin or cytoskeletal proteins). Researchers also employ recombinant AE1 to model cellular defects in disease or test gene therapy strategies. Its role in malaria parasite invasion (via Band 3 interactions) further expands its relevance to infectious disease research. By providing a controlled, scalable source of functional protein, SLC4A1 recombinant tools advance both basic science and translational applications in hematology, nephrology, and beyond.