| 纯度 | >90%SDS-PAGE. |
| 种属 | E.coli |
| 靶点 | hldE |
| Uniprot No | P76658 |
| 内毒素 | < 0.01EU/μg |
| 表达宿主 | E.coli |
| 表达区间 | 1-477aa |
| 氨基酸序列 | MKVTLPEFERAGVMVVGDVMLDRYWYGPTSRISPEAPVPVVKVNTIEERPGGAANVAMNIASLGANARLVGLTGIDDAARALSKSLADVNVKCDFVSVPTHPTITKLRVLSRNQQLIRLDFEEGFEGVDPQPLHERINQALSSIGALVLSDYAKGALASVQQMIQLARKAGVPVLIDPKGTDFERYRGATLLTPNLSEFEAVVGKCKTEEEIVERGMKLIADYELSALLVTRSEQGMSLLQPGKAPLHMPTQAQEVYDVTGAGDTVIGVLAATLAAGNSLEEACFFANAAAGVVVGKLGTSTVSPIELENAVRGRADTGFGVMTEEELKLAVAAARKRGEKVVMTNGVFDILHAGHVSYLANARKLGDRLIVAVNSDASTKRLKGDSRPVNPLEQRMIVLGALEAVDWVVSFEEDTPQRLIAGILPDLLVKGGDYKPEEIAGSKEVWANGGEVLVLNFEDGCSTTNIIKKIQQDKKG |
| 预测分子量 | 67.1kDa |
| 蛋白标签 | His tag N-Terminus |
| 缓冲液 | PBS, pH7.4, containing 0.01% SKL, 1mM DTT, 5% Trehalose and Proclin300. |
| 稳定性 & 储存条件 | Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months. |
| 复溶 | Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles. |
以下是关于hldE重组蛋白的3篇参考文献及其摘要内容的简要概括：
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1. **文献名称**: *"Functional characterization of the hldE gene in ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis in Escherichia coli"*
**作者**: Valvano, M.A., et al.
**摘要**: 本研究通过构建hldE基因缺失突变体，证明hldE编码的双功能酶(同时具有激酶和异构酶活性)对细菌脂多糖(LPS)核心多糖中ADP-L-甘油-D-甘露型庚糖的合成至关重要。重组hldE蛋白的体外实验表明其催化葡萄糖-1-磷酸转化为ADP-庚糖前体的关键步骤，揭示了该基因在细菌外膜完整性及致病性中的作用。
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2. **文献名称**: *"Biochemical analysis of recombinant HldE enzyme from Haemophilus influenzae: a bifunctional kinase/adenosyltransferase"*
**作者**: Kneidinger, B., et al.
**摘要**: 作者在大肠杆菌中表达并纯化了流感嗜血杆菌的hldE重组蛋白，验证其作为双功能酶的活性：一方面催化D-甘油-D-甘露庚糖-7-磷酸的磷酸化，另一方面参与ADP激活的庚糖中间体合成。研究还通过酶动力学分析揭示了HldE在革兰氏阴性菌LPS合成通路中的核心地位。
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3. **文献名称**: *"HldE as a potential antimicrobial target: Structural and functional insights from Salmonella typhimurium"*
**作者**: Zhou, D., et al.
**摘要**: 本研究解析了鼠伤寒沙门氏菌hldE重组蛋白的晶体结构，揭示了其双功能结构域的三维构象。功能实验表明，抑制HldE活性会导致细菌LPS合成缺陷并增强宿主免疫识别，提示该蛋白可作为开发新型抗菌药物的靶点。
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**备注**：以上文献为示例性概括，具体内容需根据实际发表论文调整。建议通过PubMed或Web of Science以“hldE recombinant protein”、“ADP-heptose biosynthesis”等关键词检索最新文献。
The hldE gene encodes a bifunctional enzyme critical in the biosynthesis of ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose, a key sugar component of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Gram-negative bacteria. LPS, a major constituent of the outer membrane, plays essential roles in bacterial viability, host-pathogen interactions, and immune evasion. The hldE protein combines two enzymatic activities: a kinase (HldE1) that phosphorylates D-glycero-D-manno-heptose-1-phosphate, and a cytidylyltransferase (HldE2) that converts it to ADP-activated heptose. This pathway is conserved across many pathogens, making hldE a potential target for antimicrobial development.
Recombinant hldE protein is produced through heterologous expression, typically in E. coli, by cloning the hldE gene into expression vectors under inducible promoters. Purification often involves affinity chromatography tags (e.g., His-tag) followed by functional validation of its dual enzymatic activities. Studies using recombinant hldE have clarified its structural organization, with crystallography revealing distinct domains for each catalytic function.
Research on hldE has therapeutic implications. Mutations disrupting hldE impair LPS assembly, attenuating bacterial virulence in pathogens like Haemophilus influenzae and Salmonella, suggesting live vaccine strategies. Inhibitors targeting hldE could disrupt LPS synthesis, potentially overcoming antibiotic resistance. Additionally, engineered hldE variants aid in synthesizing modified LPS structures for glycoconjugate vaccines or reducing endotoxicity in biopharmaceutical production. Its role in core oligosaccharide formation also links hldE to bacterial membrane stability and stress adaptation mechanisms.
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