| 纯度 | >90%SDS-PAGE. |
| 种属 | E.coli |
| 靶点 | AMA-1 |
| Uniprot No | P50492 |
| 内毒素 | < 0.01EU/μg |
| 表达宿主 | E.coli |
| 表达区间 | 194-546aa |
| 氨基酸序列 | TLDHMRDFYKNNEYVKNLDELTLCSRHAGNMNPDNDKNSNYKYPAVYDYNDKKCHILYIAAQENNGPRYCNKDESKRNSMFCFRPAKDKSFQNYTYLSKNVVDNWEKVCPRKNLENAKFGLWVDGNCEDIPHVNEFSANDLFECNKLVFELSASDQPKQYEQHLTDYEKIKEGFKNKNASMIKSAFLPTGAFKADRYKSRGKGYNWGNYNRKTQKCEIFNVKPTCLINNSSYIATTALSHPNEVEHNFPCSLYKDEIKKEIERESKRIKLNDNDDEGNKKIIAPRISISDDIDSLKCPCDPEIVSNSTCNFFVCKCVEKRAEVTSNNEVVVKEEYKDEYADIPEHKPTYDKMK |
| 预测分子量 | 45.2 kDa |
| 蛋白标签 | His tag N-Terminus |
| 缓冲液 | PBS, pH7.4, containing 0.01% SKL, 1mM DTT, 5% Trehalose and Proclin300. |
| 稳定性 & 储存条件 | Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months. |
| 复溶 | Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles. |
以下是关于AMA-1重组蛋白的3篇参考文献摘要：
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1. **文献名称**: *A recombinant baculovirus 42-kilodalton C-terminal fragment of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 protects mice against malaria*
**作者**: Kang Y, et al.
**摘要**: 该研究利用杆状病毒系统表达恶性疟原虫AMA-1的C端片段(42 kDa)，并在小鼠模型中验证其免疫原性。结果显示重组蛋白能诱导高滴度抗体，并对疟原虫攻击提供部分保护，提示其作为疫苗候选的潜力。
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2. **文献名称**: *Expression of Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 in Escherichia coli and its evaluation as a vaccine candidate*
**作者**: Hodder AN, et al.
**摘要**: 研究者通过大肠杆菌系统表达恶性疟原虫AMA-1重组蛋白，并分析其结构稳定性与免疫反应。实验表明，重组AMA-1保留了天然构象表位，可诱导中和抗体，支持其在亚单位疫苗开发中的应用。
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3. **文献名称**: *Vaccine potential of a recombinant protein from Plasmodium vivax apical membrane antigen 1 expressed in yeast*
**作者**: Bai T, et al.
**摘要**: 该研究利用毕赤酵母系统表达间日疟原虫AMA-1重组蛋白，并评估其免疫保护效果。结果显示，重组蛋白在小鼠中诱导了特异性T细胞和抗体反应，显著降低寄生虫血症水平，证实其跨物种疫苗开发潜力。
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这些文献涵盖了不同表达系统(大肠杆菌、酵母、杆状病毒)及不同疟原虫物种的AMA-1重组蛋白研究，聚焦于免疫原性与疫苗开发方向。
The apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) is a key malaria vaccine candidate antigen expressed during the blood-stage infection of *Plasmodium* parasites. It is a transmembrane protein localized on the surface of merozoites, the invasive form of the parasite that infects red blood cells. AMA-1 plays a critical role in host cell invasion by facilitating the formation of the moving junction, a molecular complex that enables the parasite to enter erythrocytes. Its interaction with the rhoptry neck protein RON2 is essential for this process, making AMA-1 a prime target for blocking parasite replication.
First identified in the 1980s, AMA-1 is conserved across *Plasmodium* species, including *P. falciparum* (PfAMA-1) and *P. vivax* (PvAMA-1), though it exhibits strain-specific polymorphisms. Recombinant AMA-1 proteins, produced using expression systems like *E. coli* or yeast, mimic the native protein's conformational epitopes to elicit neutralizing antibodies. These recombinant versions have been evaluated in preclinical and clinical trials as subunit vaccines, often formulated with adjuvants to enhance immunogenicity. For example, the PfAMA-1-based vaccine FMP2.1/AS02 showed partial efficacy in reducing parasitemia in clinical studies but faced challenges due to antigenic diversity.
Despite its promise, AMA-1-based vaccines face hurdles. Polymorphisms in AMA-1 domains can lead to immune evasion, limiting cross-strain protection. Additionally, antibody responses in natural infections are often short-lived. Current strategies focus on combining AMA-1 with other antigens (e.g., MSP-1) or designing conserved multi-strain formulations to improve coverage. Research also explores structural modifications to stabilize AMA-1’s conformation for better immune recognition. While no AMA-1 vaccine has advanced to late-stage trials, it remains a cornerstone antigen in the quest for a broadly effective malaria vaccine.
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