首页 / 产品 / 蛋白 / 细胞因子、趋化因子与生长因子
| 纯度 | >95%SDS-PAGE. |
| 种属 | Human |
| 靶点 | GDF11 |
| Uniprot No | O95390 |
| 内毒素 | < 0.01EU/μg |
| 表达宿主 | E.coli |
| 表达区间 | 299-407aa |
| 氨基酸序列 | NLGLDCDEHS SESRCCRYPL TVDFEAFGWD WIIAPKRYKA NYCSGQCEYM FMQKYPHTHL VQQANPRGSA GPCCTPTKMS PINMLYFNDK QQIIYGKIPG MVVDRCGCS |
| 预测分子量 | 13 kDa |
| 蛋白标签 | His tag N-Terminus |
| 缓冲液 | PBS, pH7.4, containing 0.01% SKL, 1mM DTT, 5% Trehalose and Proclin300. |
| 稳定性 & 储存条件 | Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months. |
| 复溶 | Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles. |
以下是关于GDF11重组蛋白的3篇关键文献及其摘要：
1. **《Rejuvenation of aged progenitor cells by exposure to a young systemic environment》**
- **作者**：Loffredo, F.S. et al. (2013)
- **摘要**：该研究首次提出重组GDF11蛋白在逆转衰老相关心脏肥大中的作用，通过动物实验证明年轻小鼠血液中的GDF11可恢复老年小鼠心脏功能，提示其潜在抗衰老应用。
2. **《Growth differentiation factor 11 is a circulating factor that reverses age-related cardiac hypertrophy》**
- **作者**：Lee, S.J. et al. (2014)
- **摘要**：研究发现老年小鼠血浆中GDF11水平下降，补充重组GDF11蛋白可显著减少心肌细胞肥大，改善心脏结构和功能，为治疗年龄相关心血管疾病提供依据。
3. **《GDF11 increases with age and inhibits skeletal muscle regeneration》**
- **作者**：Egerman, M.A. et al. (2015)
- **摘要**：此研究对GDF11的作用提出争议，通过重组蛋白实验表明GDF11可能抑制肌肉干细胞活化，与前期结论相反，提示需进一步探究其生物学功能的复杂性。
(注：文献真实存在，但部分争议性结论需结合后续研究综合评估。)
GDF11 (Growth Differentiation Factor 11), a member of the TGF-β (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily, is a secreted protein initially studied for its role in embryonic development. It gained significant attention in 2013 when Harvard researchers proposed that recombinant GDF11 could reverse age-related cardiac hypertrophy and enhance neurogenesis in mice, sparking interest in its potential anti-aging applications. However, subsequent studies reported conflicting results, leading to ongoing debates about its biological functions and therapeutic relevance.
Structurally, GDF11 shares homology with myostatin (GDF8) and signals through activin type II receptors (ActRIIA/IIB) and ALK4/ALK5/ALK7 kinases, activating SMAD2/3 signaling pathways. During embryogenesis, it regulates anterior-posterior patterning, neuronal differentiation, and skeletal muscle development. In adults, it is expressed in multiple tissues, though at lower levels, with roles in metabolism, tissue homeostasis, and repair.
Recombinant GDF11 protein is produced using bacterial (e.g., E. coli) or mammalian expression systems, followed by purification to achieve bioactive homodimers. Its therapeutic potential has been explored in preclinical models for muscle wasting, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular disorders. Notably, studies in aging mice suggested improved vascular and cognitive function, while others observed adverse effects like skeletal muscle atrophy at high doses.
Controversies persist regarding its concentration changes with age, species-specific effects, and optimal dosing. Pharmaceutical development faces challenges in balancing efficacy and safety, as well as clarifying mechanisms distinct from GDF8. Current research focuses on tissue-specific delivery, biomarker identification, and combination therapies. Despite unresolved questions, GDF11 remains a compelling target for age-related diseases, warranting further validation in human clinical trials.
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