**Background of APOH Recombinant Protein**
Apolipoprotein H (APOH), also known as β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI), is a plasma glycoprotein primarily synthesized in the liver and plays a multifaceted role in lipid metabolism, coagulation, and immune regulation. Structurally, APOH comprises five complement control protein (CCP) domains, with its C-terminal fifth domain harboring critical epitopes involved in phospholipid binding and autoimmune interactions.
APOH is best characterized for its association with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), an autoimmune disorder marked by thrombosis and pregnancy complications. In APS, APOH acts as a major autoantigen, where pathogenic autoantibodies target the protein, particularly in complex with anionic phospholipids, disrupting anticoagulant pathways and promoting prothrombotic states. Beyond its pathological role, APOH participates in physiological processes such as clearing apoptotic cells, modulating lipoprotein metabolism, and regulating coagulation cascades by interacting with phospholipids, platelet receptors, and coagulation factors.
The recombinant form of APOH is produced using biotechnological platforms (e.g., bacterial, yeast, or mammalian expression systems) to ensure high purity and functionality. Mammalian systems are often preferred to replicate post-translational modifications, including glycosylation, which influences antigenicity and ligand-binding properties. Recombinant APOH serves as a vital tool in research and diagnostics. It is widely employed in ELISA-based assays to detect anti-β2GPI antibodies for APS diagnosis. Additionally, it facilitates mechanistic studies to dissect APOH's role in thrombosis, autoimmunity, and lipid homeostasis. Recent therapeutic explorations also investigate recombinant APOH-derived peptides or analogs to neutralize pathogenic antibodies or modulate coagulation pathways.
Overall, APOH recombinant protein bridges clinical insights into autoimmune diseases and offers potential avenues for targeted diagnostics and therapies.
以下是关于APOL4重组蛋白的3篇参考文献及其摘要内容的简要概括：
1. **文献名称**: "Characterization of APOL4 as a Novel Lipid-Binding Protein in Human Macrophages"
**作者**: Smith J, et al.
**摘要**: 该研究首次成功表达并纯化了重组人源APOL4蛋白，发现其与细胞脂质代谢相关。实验表明APOL4在巨噬细胞中通过结合特定磷脂分子调控炎症反应，可能与动脉粥样硬化病理过程相关。
2. **文献名称**: "Functional Analysis of APOL4 Recombinant Protein in Cellular Apoptosis Pathways"
**作者**: Lee S, Kim D.
**摘要**: 通过体外重组APOL4蛋白实验，发现其可激活线粒体依赖的细胞凋亡通路，提示APOL4可能在癌症或神经退行性疾病中通过调控细胞死亡发挥作用。
3. **文献名称**: "Structural Insights into APOL4 Recombinant Protein and Its Interaction with Viral Envelopes"
**作者**: Gonzalez R, et al.
**摘要**: 利用X射线晶体学解析了重组APOL4的三维结构，揭示其独特的通道样结构域可能参与破坏病毒包膜，为抗病毒药物开发提供潜在靶点。
注：APOL4研究相对较少，以上文献为示例性质。实际研究中建议结合具体方向(如疾病模型、分子机制)扩展检索，并核查数据库(如PubMed)获取最新进展。若需精确文献，可提供更详细的研究背景进一步筛选。
**Background of APOL4 Recombinant Protein**
Apolipoprotein L4 (APOL4) belongs to the apolipoprotein L (APOL) family, a group of secreted proteins involved in lipid metabolism, innate immunity, and cellular homeostasis. The human APOL family comprises six members (APOL1-6), with APOL1 being the most studied due to its role in resisting trypanosome infection and its association with kidney diseases. APOL4. though less characterized, shares structural homology with APOL1. including a C-terminal lipid-binding domain and a pore-forming domain, suggesting potential roles in lipid transport or membrane interactions.
APOL4 is expressed in various tissues, including the liver, lungs, and immune cells, and is thought to participate in processes like apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation. Its precise biological functions, however, remain unclear. Recombinant APOL4 protein—produced via heterologous expression systems (e.g., *E. coli*, mammalian cells)—enables researchers to study its structure, interactions, and mechanisms. This engineered protein retains functional domains, allowing in vitro assays to explore its lipid-binding properties, receptor interactions, or regulatory effects on immune signaling pathways.
Research on APOL4 is gaining interest due to its potential links to diseases. For instance, APOL family variants are implicated in chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. Recombinant APOL4 could help elucidate its role in these contexts or serve as a tool for drug discovery. Challenges include optimizing protein stability and solubility, as APOL proteins often form aggregates. Overall, APOL4 recombinant protein serves as a critical reagent for decoding the functional diversity of the APOL family and its impact on human health and disease.
在生物科技领域，蛋白研发与生产是前沿探索的关键支撑。艾普蒂作为行业内的创新者，凭借自身卓越的研发实力，每年能成功研发 1000 多种全新蛋白，在重组蛋白领域不断突破。 在重组蛋白生产过程中，艾普蒂积累了丰富且成熟的经验。从结构复杂的跨膜蛋白，到具有特定催化功能的酶、参与信号传导的激酶，再到用于免疫研究的病毒抗原，艾普蒂都能实现高效且稳定的生产。 这一成就离不开艾普蒂强大的技术平台。我们构建了多元化的重组蛋白表达系统，昆虫细胞、哺乳动物细胞以及原核蛋白表达系统协同运作。不同的表达系统各有优势，能够满足不同客户对重组蛋白的活性、产量、成本等多样化的需求，从而提供高品质、低成本的活性重组蛋白。 艾普蒂提供的不只是产品，更是从源头到终端的一站式解决方案。从最初的基因合成，精准地构建出符合要求的基因序列，到载体构建，为蛋白表达创造适宜的环境，再到蛋白质表达和纯化，每一个环节都严格把控。我们充分尊重客户的个性化需求，在表达 / 纯化标签的选择、表达宿主的确定等方面，为客户量身定制专属方案。 同时，艾普蒂还配备了多种纯化体系，能够应对不同特性蛋白的纯化需求。这种灵活性和专业性，极大地提高了蛋白表达和纯化的成功率，让客户的研究项目得以顺利推进，在生物科技的探索道路上助力每一位科研工作者迈向成功。
艾普蒂生物自主研发并建立综合性重组蛋白生产和抗体开发技术平台，包括： 哺乳动物细胞表达平台：利用哺乳动物细胞精准修饰蛋白，产出与天然蛋白相似的重组蛋白，用于药物研发、细胞治疗等。 杂交瘤开发平台：通过细胞融合筛选出稳定分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株，优化后的技术让抗体亲和力与特异性更高，应用于疾病诊断、免疫治疗等领域。 单 B 细胞筛选平台：FACS 用荧光标记和流式细胞仪快速分选特定 B 细胞；Beacon® 基于微流控技术，单细胞水平捕获、分析 B 细胞，挖掘抗体多样性，缩短开发周期。 凭借这些平台，艾普蒂生物为客户提供优质试剂和专业 CRO 技术服务，推动生物科技发展。
艾普蒂生物在重组蛋白和天然蛋白开发领域经验十分丰富，拥有超过 2 万种重组蛋白的开发案例。在四大重组蛋白表达平台的运用上，艾普蒂生物不仅经验老到，还积累了详实的成功案例。针对客户的工业化生产需求，我们能够定制并优化实验方案。通过小试探索、工艺放大以及条件优化等环节，对重组蛋白基因序列进行优化，全面探索多种条件，精准找出最契合客户需求的生产方法。 此外，公司还配备了自有下游验证平台，可对重组蛋白展开系统的质量检测与性能测试，涵盖蛋白互作检测、活性验证、内毒素验证等，全方位保障产品质量。 卡梅德生物同样重视蛋白工艺开发，确保生产出的蛋白质具备所需的纯度、稳定性与生物活性，这对于保障药物的安全性和有效性起着关键作用 ，与艾普蒂生物共同推动着行业的发展。
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