| 纯度 | >95%SDS-PAGE. |
| 种属 | Human |
| 靶点 | Smad2 |
| Uniprot No | Q15796 |
| 内毒素 | < 0.01EU/μg |
| 表达宿主 | E.coli |
| 表达区间 | 1-467aa |
| 氨基酸序列 | MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MSSILPFTPP VVKRLLGWKK SAGGSGGAGG GEQNGQEEKW CEKAVKSLVK KLKKTGRLDE LEKAITTQNC NTKCVTIPSTCSEIWGLSTP NTIDQWDTTG LYSFSEQTRS LDGRLQVSHR KGLPHVIYCR LWRWPDLHSH HELKAIENCE YAFNLKKDEV CVNPYHYQRV ETPVLPPVLVPRHTEILTEL PPLDDYTHSI PENTNFPAGI EPQSNYIPET PPPGYISEDG ETSDQQLNQS MDTGSPAELS PTTLSPVNHS LDLQPVTYSE PAFWCSIAYYELNQRVGETF HASQPSLTVD GFTDPSNSER FCLGLLSNVN RNATVEMTRR HIGRGVRLYY IGGEVFAECL SDSAIFVQSP NCNQRYGWHP ATVCKIPPGCNLKIFNNQEF AALLAQSVNQ GFEAVYQLTR MCTIRMSFVK GWGAEYRRQT VTSTPCWIEL HLNGPLQWLD KVLTQMGSPS VRCSSMS |
| 预测分子量 | 54 kDa |
| 蛋白标签 | His tag N-Terminus |
| 缓冲液 | PBS, pH7.4, containing 0.01% SKL, 1mM DTT, 5% Trehalose and Proclin300. |
| 稳定性 & 储存条件 | Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months. |
| 复溶 | Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles. |
以下是关于Smad2重组蛋白的3篇参考文献的简要总结：
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1. **文献名称**：*"A structural basis for mutational inactivation of the tumour suppressor Smad4"*
**作者**：Shi, Y., Hata, A., Lo, R.S., Massagué, J., Pavletich, N.P.
**摘要**：该研究解析了Smad2与Smad4形成的复合物的晶体结构，揭示了Smad2重组蛋白的MH2结构域如何介导与Smad4的相互作用，并阐明了TGF-β信号通路中Smad蛋白寡聚化的分子机制。
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2. **文献名称**：*"TGF-β signalling from cell membrane to nucleus through SMAD proteins"*
**作者**：Massagué, J., Wotton, D.
**摘要**：文章综述了Smad2作为TGF-β信号转导的关键介质的功能，重点描述了重组Smad2蛋白在受体激活后被磷酸化、核转位的过程，及其在调控靶基因表达中的作用。
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3. **文献名称**：*"Recombinant SMAD2 proteins reveal the role of phosphorylation in TGF-β signaling"*
**作者**：Souchelnytskyi, S., Tamaki, K., Engström, U., Wernstedt, C., ten Dijke, P., Heldin, C.H.
**摘要**：通过表达和纯化重组Smad2蛋白，研究者验证了其C端磷酸化位点(Ser465/467)对TGF-β信号传导的必要性，并证明磷酸化诱导Smad2构象变化，促进其与Smad4结合及核内聚集。
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这些文献涵盖了Smad2重组蛋白的结构、功能及信号机制研究，可作为相关实验设计的参考依据。
Smad2 is a pivotal intracellular signaling protein within the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily pathway, which regulates diverse cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix production. As a receptor-regulated Smad (R-Smad), Smad2 is activated through phosphorylation by TGF-β or activin type I receptors upon ligand binding. This post-translational modification enables its association with Smad4. a common mediator Smad (Co-Smad), forming a heterocomplex that translocates to the nucleus to modulate target gene expression. Unlike Smad3. Smad2 lacks direct DNA-binding capacity due to an insert in its Mad homology 1 (MH1) domain, relying on interactions with transcription factors (e.g., FoxH1. FAST) for DNA targeting.
Recombinant Smad2 protein is engineered using expression systems like *E. coli* or mammalian cells, often fused with tags (e.g., His, GST) for purification and detection. Its production facilitates studies on TGF-β signaling mechanisms, structural analysis of Smad-receptor interactions, and screening for pathway modulators. Researchers employ it to investigate dysregulated Smad2 activity linked to fibrosis, cancer metastasis, and immune disorders, where aberrant TGF-β signaling is implicated. Additionally, recombinant Smad2 serves as a tool to study post-translational modifications (e.g., phosphorylation, ubiquitination) that fine-tune its stability and function. Challenges in production include maintaining proper folding and phosphorylation-mimetic states for functional assays. Validated through techniques like Western blotting, luciferase reporter assays, and immunofluorescence, recombinant Smad2 remains indispensable for dissecting TGF-β pathway dynamics and therapeutic targeting.
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