| 纯度 | >90%SDS-PAGE. |
| 种属 | Human |
| 靶点 | ND5 |
| Uniprot No | P03915 |
| 内毒素 | < 0.01EU/μg |
| 表达宿主 | E.coli |
| 表达区间 | 1-603aa |
| 氨基酸序列 | MTMHTTMTTLTLTSLIPPILTTLVNPNKKNSYPHYVKSIVASTFIISLFPTTMFMCLDQEVIISNWHWATTQTTQLSLSFKLDYFSMMFIPVALFVTWSIMEFSLWYMNSDPNINQFFKYLLIFLITMLILVTANNLFQLFIGWEGVGIMSFLLISWWYARADANTAAIQAILYNRIGDIGFILALAWFILHSNSWDPQQMALLNANPSLTPLLGLLLAAAGKSAQLGLHPWLPSAMEGPTPVSALLHSSTMVVAGIFLLIRFHPLAENSPLIQTLTLCLGAITTLFAAVCALTQNDIKKIVAFSTSSQLGLMMVTIGINQPHLAFLHICTHAFFKAMLFMCSGSIIHNLNNEQDIRKMGGLLKTMPLTSTSLTIGSLALAGMPFLTGFYSKDHIIETANMSYTNAWALSITLIATSLTSAYSTRMILLTLTGQPRFPTLTNINENNPTLLNPIKRLAAGSLFAGFLITNNISPASPFQTTIPLYLKLTALAVTFLGLLTALDLNYLTNKLKMKSPLCTFYFSNMLGFYPSITHRTIPYLGLLTSQNLPLLLLDLTWLEKLLPKTISQHQISTSIITSTQKGMIKLYFLSFFFPLILTLLLIT |
| 预测分子量 | kDa |
| 蛋白标签 | His tag N-Terminus |
| 缓冲液 | PBS, pH7.4, containing 0.01% SKL, 1mM DTT, 5% Trehalose and Proclin300. |
| 稳定性 & 储存条件 | Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months. |
| 复溶 | Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles. |
以下是假设性的参考文献示例，基于ND5重组蛋白相关研究的常见方向整理。请注意，这些文献为模拟内容，实际引用时请核实真实论文：
1. **《Functional characterization of recombinant mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) in Complex I assembly》**
- 作者：Smith J, et al.
- 摘要：通过在大肠杆菌中表达并纯化重组ND5蛋白，研究其在复合物I组装中的作用，发现ND5的特定结构域对电子传递链的稳定性至关重要。
2. **《Cryo-EM structure of the ND5 subunit reveals insights into mitochondrial Complex I dysfunction》**
- 作者：Li X, et al.
- 摘要：利用冷冻电镜解析重组人源ND5蛋白的高分辨率结构，揭示突变导致的构象变化与线粒体疾病(如Leber视神经病变)的分子机制关联。
3. **《Heterologous expression and purification of ND5 in yeast: Implications for Parkinson's disease models》**
- 作者：Garcia R, et al.
- 摘要：开发酵母表达系统生产重组ND5蛋白，验证其在帕金森病相关线粒体功能障碍中的活性丧失，为药物筛选提供工具。
4. **《Site-directed mutagenesis of ND5 highlights its role in proton translocation efficiency》**
- 作者：Wang Y, et al.
- 摘要：通过重组ND5蛋白的定点突变实验，证明其跨膜螺旋区域的特定氨基酸残基对复合物I的质子泵功能具有关键影响。
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**说明**：以上内容为模拟文献，实际研究中建议通过PubMed、Google Scholar等平台以“ND5 recombinant protein”“mitochondrial Complex I subunit expression”等关键词检索真实文献。
**Background of ND5 Recombinant Protein**
ND5 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5) is a critical component of mitochondrial Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase), the largest and most intricate enzyme complex in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Encoded by the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), ND5 plays a pivotal role in electron transport and proton translocation, essential for ATP synthesis. Mutations in the ND5 gene are associated with mitochondrial disorders, such as Leigh syndrome, MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes), and neurodegenerative conditions, highlighting its importance in cellular energy metabolism.
Recombinant ND5 protein is produced using genetic engineering techniques, often by expressing the ND5 gene in heterologous systems like *E. coli* or mammalian cell cultures. This allows large-scale production of the protein for functional and structural studies. However, ND5’s hydrophobic nature and dependence on other Complex I subunits for stability pose challenges in purification and reconstitution. Advances in membrane protein expression systems and fusion tags (e.g., His-tags) have improved solubility and yield.
Research on recombinant ND5 focuses on elucidating its role in Complex I assembly, electron transfer mechanisms, and pathogenicity of mtDNA mutations. It also aids in drug screening for mitochondrial diseases and studying oxidative stress responses. Structural insights from cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography, facilitated by recombinant ND5. have advanced understanding of Complex I dysfunction in aging and cancer. Despite progress, functional studies remain challenging due to the protein’s reliance on mitochondrial membrane integrity and partner subunits. Ongoing efforts aim to refine recombinant ND5 production to better model mitochondrial pathologies and develop targeted therapies.
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