Recombinant Human PTPRO protein

**Background of PTPRQ Recombinant Protein**

PTPRQ (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type Q) is a transmembrane protein belonging to the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family, which plays critical roles in regulating cellular signaling pathways by dephosphorylating tyrosine residues. Structurally, PTPRQ is characterized by a large extracellular domain, a single transmembrane region, and an intracellular catalytic domain with phosphatase activity. It is predominantly expressed in sensory tissues, including the inner ear, where it is essential for maintaining auditory function. Studies suggest that PTPRQ is involved in the development and homeostasis of stereocilia in hair cells, crucial for mechanoelectrical transduction in hearing.

Mutations in the *PTPRQ* gene are linked to autosomal recessive deafness in humans, highlighting its importance in auditory physiology. Recombinant PTPRQ protein, produced via heterologous expression systems (e.g., mammalian or insect cells), enables detailed biochemical and functional studies. Researchers use it to investigate its enzymatic activity, interactions with cytoskeletal components (e.g., actin-binding proteins), and role in signaling pathways influencing cell adhesion and structural integrity.

Beyond basic research, recombinant PTPRQ holds therapeutic potential. It may serve as a tool for high-throughput drug screening to identify modulators of phosphatase activity or as a protein replacement strategy for hearing disorders caused by *PTPRQ* deficiencies. Additionally, its extracellular domain is being explored for diagnostic applications, such as detecting autoantibodies in autoimmune hearing loss.

Overall, PTPRQ recombinant protein is a vital resource for unraveling molecular mechanisms in auditory biology and developing targeted interventions for hearing-related pathologies.

**Background of PTPRO Recombinant Protein**

PTPRO (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type O), a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) superfamily, is a transmembrane receptor-like enzyme critical for regulating tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent signaling pathways. PTPRO plays a pivotal role in cellular processes such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune response modulation. Structurally, it contains an extracellular domain, a single transmembrane region, and a conserved intracellular catalytic domain responsible for dephosphorylating target proteins.

PTPRO is expressed in various tissues, including the kidney, brain, and hematopoietic cells, and has been implicated in both physiological and pathological contexts. Studies highlight its tumor-suppressive functions in cancers (e.g., leukemia, breast cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma), where it often undergoes epigenetic silencing or downregulation. Conversely, PTPRO’s aberrant expression is linked to neurodegenerative disorders and autoimmune diseases, underscoring its context-dependent roles.

Recombinant PTPRO protein is engineered using biotechnological platforms (e.g., mammalian or bacterial expression systems) to produce purified, functional protein for research and therapeutic applications. This protein retains enzymatic activity, enabling studies on substrate interactions, signaling mechanisms, and inhibitor screening. Its recombinant form is vital for elucidating PTPRO’s structure-function relationships and developing targeted therapies.

Emerging interest in PTPRO stems from its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target. Inhibitors or activators of PTPRO could modulate disease-related pathways, offering avenues for treating cancer, inflammation, or neurodegeneration. However, challenges remain in achieving specificity, as PTPs share structural homology. Overall, PTPRO recombinant protein serves as a key tool in decoding its biological significance and translational potential.