Recombinant Human P2RY12 protein

P2RY12 is a purinergic receptor belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, primarily known for its role in platelet activation and immune regulation. It is activated by extracellular adenosine diphosphate (ADP), a key signaling molecule released by damaged cells or activated platelets. Upon ADP binding, P2RY12 couples with Gαi proteins, inhibiting adenylyl cyclase activity, reducing intracellular cAMP levels, and promoting platelet aggregation—a critical step in hemostasis and pathological thrombosis. Beyond platelets, P2RY12 is expressed in microglia, where it modulates neuroinflammatory responses and synaptic plasticity, implicating it in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.

Recombinant P2RY12 protein is engineered for research and therapeutic applications. Produced via heterologous expression systems (e.g., HEK293 or CHO cells), the recombinant form retains structural and functional integrity, enabling studies on receptor-ligand interactions, signaling pathways, and drug discovery. Its transmembrane domains and extracellular loops are critical for ligand specificity, making it a target for antithrombotic drugs like clopidogrel (a P2RY12 antagonist). Structural studies using recombinant P2RY12 have advanced understanding of its activation mechanisms and allosteric modulation, aiding the design of novel therapeutics with improved efficacy and safety profiles. Additionally, recombinant proteins facilitate the development of diagnostic tools for monitoring platelet dysfunction or optimizing antiplatelet therapies. Research on P2RY12 continues to bridge cardiovascular biology, immunology, and neuroscience, highlighting its multifaceted roles in health and disease.