Recombinant Human AP1g2 protein

AP1G2 (Adaptor Protein Complex 1 Subunit Gamma 2) is a subunit of the heterotetrameric adaptor protein complex AP-1. which plays a critical role in intracellular membrane trafficking. AP-1 facilitates the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) and mediates cargo sorting between the trans-Golgi network (TGN), endosomes, and lysosomes. The gamma subunit (γ2), encoded by AP1G2. contributes to AP-1's structural stability and regulates its interaction with sorting signals on cargo proteins. Unlike the ubiquitously expressed γ1 subunit (AP1G1), γ2 exhibits tissue-specific expression, primarily in neurons and neuroendocrine cells, suggesting specialized roles in synaptic vesicle recycling or neurotransmitter release.

Recombinant AP1G2 proteins are engineered in vitro using expression systems like E. coli or mammalian cell lines (e.g., HEK293) to study its molecular functions. These proteins retain key domains, including the C-terminal "ear" domain for binding accessory proteins and the hinge region for clathrin interaction. Purification typically involves affinity chromatography (e.g., His-tag) followed by biochemical validation. Recombinant AP1G2 enables mechanistic studies on AP-1's role in neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, where impaired vesicular trafficking is implicated. It also aids in screening small molecules targeting AP-1 dysregulation in cancers or viral infections (e.g., HIV-1. which hijacks AP-1 for viral budding). By providing a controlled, tag-free, or tagged variant, recombinant AP1G2 serves as a vital tool for structural analysis (e.g., cryo-EM) and reconstituting trafficking pathways in cell-free systems.