| 纯度 | >90%SDS-PAGE. |
| 种属 | Human |
| 靶点 | azoR |
| Uniprot No | A0A2P9AIQ7 |
| 内毒素 | < 0.01EU/μg |
| 表达宿主 | E.coli |
| 表达区间 | 1-211aa |
| 氨基酸序列 | MSILLVTSSPRGNASHSTRIATELAEKLIAADPSAKLVVRDLVANPLPHIDPDYSTGIYTPVEARTQRQAEVVGVSDGVLDELFAADTIILATGFINFGISSTLKSWVDHVARSGKTFAYGENGPKGLVTGKKVYIVLASGGIYSEGAAVQMDHAIPYLRSVLGFIGMTDVDVIRIEGVGMGPEAVTAALAKASANVDAVVASTGAVAAAA |
| 预测分子量 | 24.3 kDa |
| 蛋白标签 | His tag N-Terminus |
| 缓冲液 | PBS, pH7.4, containing 0.01% SKL, 1mM DTT, 5% Trehalose and Proclin300. |
| 稳定性 & 储存条件 | Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months. |
| 复溶 | Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles. |
以下是关于azoR重组蛋白的3篇参考文献示例，包含文献名称、作者及摘要概括：
1. **文献名称**：*Cloning, expression, and characterization of azoreductase from Escherichia coli: a comparative study with recombinant enzymes*
**作者**：Chen H, et al.
**摘要**：该研究报道了从大肠杆菌中克隆azoR基因，并在原核系统中成功表达重组蛋白。纯化后的酶显示出对多种偶氮染料的高效降解活性，且热稳定性优于天然酶。
2. **文献名称**：*Heterologous expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa azoreductase (azoR) in Pichia pastoris for industrial dye decolorization*
**作者**：Wang L, et al.
**摘要**：通过毕赤酵母系统高效表达azoR重组蛋白，优化发酵条件后酶产量提升3倍。重组酶在pH 5-9范围内保持活性，对纺织废水中的刚果红脱色率达90%以上。
3. **文献名称**：*Crystal structure and mechanistic analysis of azoR from Bacillus subtilis: insights into substrate specificity*
**作者**：Zhang Y, et al.
**摘要**：首次解析了枯草芽孢杆菌azoR重组蛋白的晶体结构(2.1 Å)，揭示了其与辅酶NADH的结合位点及底物选择性机制，为理性改造酶活性提供了结构基础。
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**备注**：上述文献为示例，实际引用时需核实真实存在性。若需查找真实文献，建议在PubMed、Web of Science等平台以关键词“azoreductase recombinant”或“azoR expression”检索。
**Background of azoR Recombinant Protein**
AzoR (azoreductase) is a flavin-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reductive cleavage of azo bonds (–N=N–) in synthetic azo compounds, commonly found in dyes, food additives, and pharmaceuticals. These compounds are often environmental pollutants due to their toxicity and persistence, making azoR a critical target for bioremediation research. The enzyme utilizes NADH or NADPH as an electron donor and requires flavin cofactors (FMN or FAD) for activity. Its mechanism involves a two-electron transfer process, breaking azo bonds into aromatic amines, which are typically less toxic and more biodegradable.
Recombinant azoR proteins are engineered via heterologous expression systems (e.g., *E. coli*) to enable large-scale production for industrial and biotechnological applications. Structural studies reveal that azoR functions as a homodimer, with conserved active-site residues critical for substrate binding and catalysis. Variations in substrate specificity among azoR homologs (e.g., from *Bacillus subtilis*, *E. coli*, or human gut microbiota) highlight its adaptability to diverse azo compounds.
Applications of recombinant azoR span environmental and biomedical fields. In bioremediation, it degrades azo dyes in textile wastewater, reducing ecological harm. In medicine, certain gut microbial azoRs activate prodrugs (e.g., sulfasalazine) used in treating inflammatory bowel disease or cancer, underscoring their therapeutic relevance. However, challenges remain in optimizing enzyme stability, activity under industrial conditions, and substrate range. Recent advances in protein engineering, including directed evolution and rational design, aim to enhance azoR’s catalytic efficiency and robustness for real-world applications.
Research on azoR continues to bridge fundamental enzymology and practical solutions, addressing both environmental sustainability and human health needs.
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