| 纯度 | >90%SDS-PAGE. |
| 种属 | Toxoplasma |
| 靶点 | GRA1 |
| Uniprot No | P13403 |
| 内毒素 | < 0.01EU/μg |
| 表达宿主 | E.coli |
| 表达区间 | 25-190aa |
| 氨基酸序列 | AEGGDNQSSAVSDRASLFGLLSGGTGQGLGIGESVDLEMMGNTYRVERPTGNPDLLKIAIKASDGSYSEVGNVNVEEVIDTMKSMQRDEDIFLRALNKGETVEEAIEDVAQAEGLNSEQTLQLEDAVSAVASVVQDEMKVIDDVQQLEKDKQQLKDDIGFLTGERE |
| 预测分子量 | 19.9 kDa |
| 蛋白标签 | His tag N-Terminus |
| 缓冲液 | PBS, pH7.4, containing 0.01% SKL, 1mM DTT, 5% Trehalose and Proclin300. |
| 稳定性 & 储存条件 | Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months. |
| 复溶 | Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles. |
以下是关于GRA1重组蛋白的3篇代表性文献及其摘要内容：
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1. **文献名称**：*Cloning and expression of the dense granule protein GRA1 from Toxoplasma gondii*
**作者**：L. Lecordier et al.
**摘要**：该研究首次克隆并在大肠杆菌中表达了弓形虫致密颗粒蛋白GRA1的重组形式，分析了其抗原特性。重组GRA1在免疫印迹中显示出与天然蛋白相似的免疫反应性，为血清学诊断试剂的开发提供了基础。
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2. **文献名称**：*Evaluation of recombinant GRA1 antigen for the diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans*
**作者**：M. Pietkiewicz et al.
**摘要**：研究评估了重组GRA1蛋白在ELISA检测中的诊断价值。结果显示，重组GRA1对急性弓形虫感染具有高敏感性和特异性，提示其作为血清标志物的潜力。
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3. **文献名称**：*Immunization with recombinant GRA1 protein induces protective immunity against Toxoplasma gondii in mice*
**作者**：H. Mevelec et al.
**摘要**：该研究通过小鼠模型验证了重组GRA1蛋白的疫苗潜力。实验表明，重组GRA1联合佐剂可诱导Th1型免疫反应，显著降低组织包囊负荷，提示其作为亚单位疫苗的应用前景。
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如需更完整的文献信息(如期刊、年份等)，可进一步补充关键词或研究背景。
GRA1 (Dense Granule Protein 1) is a key antigenic protein secreted by *Toxoplasma gondii*, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis. It localizes to the parasite's dense granules, specialized secretory organelles that release proteins during host cell invasion and parasitophorous vacuole (PV) formation. GRA1 is involved in modulating host-parasite interactions, including PV maturation, nutrient acquisition, and immune evasion. Its calcium-binding properties suggest a role in signaling or structural stabilization of the PV membrane.
Recombinant GRA1 protein is produced using heterologous expression systems (e.g., *E. coli* or yeast) to enable large-scale purification for research and diagnostic applications. As a major immunodominant antigen, it triggers robust IgG and IgM responses in infected hosts, making it a critical component in serological assays (e.g., ELISA) to detect *T. gondii* exposure. Its diagnostic utility is enhanced by high specificity across parasite life stages (tachyzoite, bradyzoite).
In vaccine development, recombinant GRA1 has been explored as a subunit vaccine candidate due to its ability to elicit protective Th1-type immune responses in preclinical models. Studies also utilize the protein to dissect host cell signaling pathways hijacked by *T. gondii*, particularly mechanisms involving calcium-dependent processes and immune modulation. Despite its established applications, functional redundancy within the GRA protein family and incomplete understanding of its structural motifs remain research challenges. Current efforts focus on optimizing recombinant GRA1 stability and antigenicity for next-generation diagnostics and multi-antigen vaccine formulations.
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