Recombinant Mouse apM1 protein

apM1 recombinant protein, also known as adiponectin, is a hormone predominantly secreted by adipose tissue that plays a critical role in metabolic regulation. Encoded by the APM1 (Adipose Most Abundant Gene Transcript 1) gene, this 30-kDa protein consists of 244 amino acids and structurally includes a collagen-like domain and a globular C-terminal domain. Adiponectin exists in multiple oligomeric forms (trimers, hexamers, and high-molecular-weight complexes), each with distinct biological activities. It enhances insulin sensitivity, promotes glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, and suppresses hepatic glucose production, making it a key modulator of energy homeostasis.

Research has linked low adiponectin levels to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, positioning it as a biomarker and therapeutic target. Recombinant apM1 protein is produced using expression systems like *E. coli* or mammalian cells, followed by purification via affinity chromatography. Its production enables functional studies on adiponectin signaling pathways, particularly interactions with AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 receptors, which activate AMPK and PPAR-α pathways to regulate lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory responses.

Preclinical studies demonstrate that recombinant adiponectin improves insulin resistance, reduces atherosclerosis, and mitigates inflammation in animal models. However, challenges remain in stabilizing its high-molecular-weight isoforms and optimizing delivery methods for clinical use. Current applications span basic research, drug discovery, and exploration of adiponectin-based therapies for metabolic disorders. Structural analyses of recombinant apM1 also aid in designing mimetic peptides or small molecules to replicate its therapeutic effects. This protein continues to be a focal point in understanding the interplay between adipose tissue dysfunction and systemic metabolism.