| 纯度 | >90%SDS-PAGE. |
| 种属 | Human |
| 靶点 | RAPGEF4 |
| Uniprot No | Q8WZA2 |
| 内毒素 | < 0.01EU/μg |
| 表达宿主 | E.coli |
| 表达区间 | 1-1011 aa |
| 活性数据 | MVAAHAAHSSSSAEWIACLDKRPLERSSEDVDIIFTRLKEVKAFEKFHPNLLHQICLCGYYENLEKGITLFRQGDIGTNWYAVLAGSLDVKVSETSSHQDAVTICTLGIGTAFGESILDNTPRHATIVTRESSELLRIEQKDFKALWEKYRQYMAGLLAPPYGVMETGSNNDRIPDKENTPLIEPHVPLRPANTITKVPSEKILRAGKILRNAILSRAPHMIRDRKYHLKTYRQCCVGTELVDWMMQQTPCVHSRTQAVGMWQVLLEDGVLNHVDQEHHFQDKYLFYRFLDDEHEDAPLPTEEEKKECDEELQDTMLLLSQMGPDAHMRMILRKPPGQRTVDDLEIIYEELLHIKALSHLSTTVKRELAGVLIFESHAKGGTVLFNQGEEGTSWYIILKGSVNVVIYGKGVVCTLHEGDDFGKLALVNDAPRAASIVLREDNCHFLRVDKEDFNRILRDVEANTVRLKEHDQDVLVLEKVPAGNRASNQGNSQPQQKYTVMSGTPEKILEHFLETIRLEATLNEATDSVLNDFIMMHCVFMPNTQLCPALVAHYHAQPSQGTEQEKMDYALNNKRRVIRLVLQWAAMYGDLLQEDDVSMAFLEEFYVSVSDDARMIAALKEQLPELEKIVKQISEDAKAPQKKHKVLLQQFNTGDERAQKRQPIRGSDEVLFKVYCMDPTYTTIRVPVATSVKEVISAVADKLGSGEGLIIVKMSSGGEKVVLKPNDVSVFMTLTINGRLFACPREQFDSLTPLPEQEGPTVGTVGTFELMSSKDLAYQMTIYDWELFNCVHELELIYHTFGRHNFKKTTANLDLFLRRFNEIQFWVVTEICLCSQLSKRVQLLKKFIKIAAHCKEYKNLNSFFAIVMGLSNVAVSRLALTWEKLPSKFKKFYAEFESLMDPSRNHRAYRLTVAKLEPPLIPFMPLLIKDMTFTHEGNKTFIDNLVNFEKMRMIANTARTVRYYRSQPFNPDAAQANKNHQDVRSYVRQLNVIDNQRTLSQMSHRLEPRRP |
| 分子量 | 141.9 kDa |
| 蛋白标签 | GST-tag at N-terminal |
| 缓冲液 | PBS, pH7.4, containing 0.01% SKL, 1mM DTT, 5% Trehalose and Proclin300. |
| 稳定性 & 储存条件 | Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months. |
| 复溶 | Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles. |
以下是3篇关于RAPGEF4(EPAC2)蛋白的参考文献摘要示例：
1. **文献名称**：*Structural basis for cAMP-dependent activation of the RapGEF4/EPAC2 protein*
**作者**：Ahearn IM et al.
**摘要**：解析了RAPGEF4的晶体结构，揭示了其cAMP结合域与催化域的构象变化机制，阐明cAMP如何激活该蛋白的信号传递功能。
2. **文献名称**：*RapGEF4/EPAC2 regulates dendritic spine morphogenesis via modulation of Rho GTPases*
**作者**：Woolfrey KM et al.
**摘要**：研究发现RAPGEF4通过调控RhoA/Rac1通路影响神经元树突棘形态发生，提示其在突触可塑性和神经发育中的作用。
3. **文献名称**：*EPAC2 mutations lead to autism spectrum disorder via impaired mGluR5 signaling*
**作者**：Srivastava DP et al.
**摘要**：发现部分自闭症患者携带RAPGEF4基因突变，实验表明突变损害其介导的mGluR5信号通路，影响神经元功能。
4. **文献名称**：*RapGEF4 coordinates cell cycle progression and differentiation in the developing brain*
**作者**：Gloerich M et al.
**摘要**：揭示了RAPGEF4通过整合cAMP和生长因子信号，调控神经前体细胞的增殖与分化平衡。
(注：以上文献为示例性质，实际引用需核对真实论文信息。)
RAPGEF4 (Rap Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 4), also known as EPAC2 (Exchange Protein Activated by cAMP 2), is a key intracellular signaling protein that regulates diverse physiological processes by modulating Rap GTPase activity. Belonging to the cAMP-dependent GEF family, it acts as a primary effector of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), a critical second messenger. Structurally, it contains conserved regulatory domains (cAMP-binding and DEP) and a catalytic GEF domain responsible for activating Rap proteins by facilitating GDP-to-GTP exchange. RAPGEF4 is highly expressed in the brain, pancreas, and endocrine tissues, where it integrates cAMP signaling into cellular responses like neurotransmitter release, insulin secretion, and cell adhesion dynamics.
Studies highlight its role in neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, and hormone regulation. Dysregulation of RAPGEF4 has been linked to neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g., autism spectrum disorder and bipolar disorder) and metabolic diseases, including diabetes. For instance, RAPGEF4 knockout mice exhibit impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, underscoring its importance in pancreatic β-cell function.
Recent research also explores its isoform-specific interactions and post-translational modifications, revealing context-dependent signaling mechanisms. As a therapeutic target, RAPGEF4 modulation offers potential avenues for treating cAMP-related pathologies, though challenges remain in developing selective agonists/antagonists. Its dual role as a cAMP sensor and Rap activator positions RAPGEF4 as a critical node in cellular signaling networks. (Word count: 249)
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