| 纯度 | >90%SDS-PAGE. |
| 种属 | Human |
| 靶点 | TLR9 |
| Uniprot No | Q9NR96 |
| 内毒素 | < 0.01EU/μg |
| 表达宿主 | E.coli |
| 表达区间 | 99-215aa |
| 氨基酸序列 | PPVGLSPMHFPCHMTIEPSTFLAVPTLEELNLSYNNIMTVPALPKSLISL SLSHTNILMLDSASLAGLHALRFLFMDGNCYYKNPCRQALEVAPGALLGL GNLTHLSLKYNNLTVVP |
| 预测分子量 | kDa |
| 蛋白标签 | His tag N-Terminus |
| 缓冲液 | PBS, pH7.4, containing 0.01% SKL, 1mM DTT, 5% Trehalose and Proclin300. |
| 稳定性 & 储存条件 | Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months. |
| 复溶 | Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles. |
以下是关于TLR9重组蛋白的3篇参考文献，涵盖其功能、机制及应用研究：
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1. **文献名称**: *A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA*
**作者**: Hemmi, H. et al.
**摘要**: 该研究首次证明TLR9通过识别细菌DNA中的CpG基序激活免疫反应。通过重组TLR9蛋白的表达及功能分析，揭示了TLR9在先天免疫中的关键作用，并利用基因敲除小鼠验证其对CpG DNA的特异性响应。
2. **文献名称**: *TLR9 signals after translocating from the ER to CpG DNA in lysosomes*
**作者**: Latz, E. et al.
**摘要**: 研究利用重组TLR9蛋白及荧光标记技术，阐明了TLR9从内质网转运至溶酶体后识别CpG DNA的分子机制，揭示了其依赖酸性环境激活下游信号通路的特性。
3. **文献名称**: *Cutting edge: Role of Toll-like receptor 9 in CpG DNA-induced activation of human cells*
**作者**: Takeshita, F. et al.
**摘要**: 通过将重组TLR9转染至人细胞系，证明TLR9直接介导CpG DNA诱导的NF-κB激活和细胞因子分泌，为TLR9作为疫苗佐剂靶点提供了实验依据。
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以上文献均涉及重组TLR9蛋白在机制探索或应用研究中的关键作用，涵盖功能验证、亚细胞定位及信号传导等领域。
TLR9 (Toll-like receptor 9) is a transmembrane protein belonging to the Toll-like receptor family, which plays a pivotal role in innate immune responses by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Specifically, TLR9 detects unmethylated CpG motifs in bacterial and viral DNA, triggering signaling cascades that activate pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons. Structurally, TLR9 consists of an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain for ligand binding, a transmembrane region, and an intracellular Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain responsible for downstream signal transduction.
Recombinant TLR9 proteins are engineered in vitro using expression systems (e.g., mammalian, insect, or bacterial cells) to produce purified, functional forms of the receptor for research and therapeutic applications. These proteins retain key biological activities, enabling studies on TLR9-ligand interactions, signaling mechanisms, and immune modulation. Recombinant TLR9 is widely used to investigate autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancer, as dysregulated TLR9 signaling is implicated in conditions like lupus, sepsis, and chronic inflammation.
In drug development, recombinant TLR9 serves as a tool for screening agonists (e.g., CpG oligonucleotides) or antagonists to modulate immune responses. It also aids in designing vaccines by enhancing antigen-presenting cell activation. Challenges in its production include maintaining proper post-translational modifications (e.g., glycosylation) critical for ligand binding. Advances in structural biology using recombinant TLR9 have clarified its activation mechanism, including pH-dependent dimerization in endosomes. Current research explores its therapeutic potential in cancer immunotherapy and as adjuvants for antiviral therapies.
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