Recombinant Human DEFa3 protein

DEFa3 recombinant protein is a synthetic version of the naturally occurring human alpha-defensin 3. a small cationic peptide belonging to the defensin family. Defensins are evolutionarily conserved components of the innate immune system, primarily known for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses. Alpha-defensins, including DEFa3. are typically produced by neutrophils and epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces, serving as a first-line defense against pathogens. They exert their antimicrobial effects by disrupting microbial membrane integrity through electrostatic interactions and pore formation. DEFa3 also modulates immune responses by recruiting immune cells and influencing cytokine production.

The recombinant form of DEFa3 is generated using genetic engineering techniques, often expressed in prokaryotic (e.g., E. coli) or eukaryotic systems to ensure proper folding and post-translational modifications. This allows large-scale production for research and potential therapeutic applications. Studies have explored its role in combating antibiotic-resistant infections, wound healing, and inflammatory diseases. Notably, DEFa3 has shown promise in targeting multidrug-resistant pathogens while demonstrating lower propensity to induce bacterial resistance compared to conventional antibiotics. Its immunomodulatory properties are also being investigated in cancer immunotherapy and autoimmune conditions. However, challenges remain in optimizing stability, delivery methods, and minimizing cytotoxicity to host cells. Current research focuses on structural optimization, hybrid peptide design, and nanoparticle-based delivery systems to enhance its clinical applicability. DEFa3 exemplifies the growing interest in host-derived antimicrobial peptides as templates for novel therapeutic agents in an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance.