| 纯度 | >90%SDS-PAGE. |
| 种属 | Human |
| 靶点 | GAL4 |
| Uniprot No | P56470 |
| 内毒素 | < 0.01EU/μg |
| 表达宿主 | E.coli |
| 表达区间 | 1-323aa |
| 氨基酸序列 | MAYVPAPGYQ PTYNPTLPYY QPIPGGLNVG MSVYIQGVAS EHMKRFFVNF VVGQDPGSDV AFHFNPRFDG WDKVVFNTLQ GGKWGSEERK RSMPFKKGAA FELVFIVLAE HYKVVVNGNP FYEYGHRLPL QMVTHLQVDG DLQLQSINFI GGQPLRPQGP PMMPPYPGPG HCHQQLNSLP TMEGPPTFNP PVPYFGRLQG GLTARRTIII KGYVPPTGKS FAINFKVGSS GDIALHINPR MGNGTVVRNS LLNGSWGSEE KKITHNPFGP GQFFDLSIRC GLDRFKVYAN GQHLFDFAHR LSAFQRVDTL EIQGDVTLSY VQI |
| 预测分子量 | kDa |
| 蛋白标签 | His tag N-Terminus |
| 缓冲液 | PBS, pH7.4, containing 0.01% SKL, 1mM DTT, 5% Trehalose and Proclin300. |
| 稳定性 & 储存条件 | Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months. |
| 复溶 | Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles. |
以下是关于GAL4重组蛋白的3-4篇经典文献概览：
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1. **文献名称**：*Targeted gene expression as a means of altering cell fates and generating dominant phenotypes*
**作者**：Brand, A.H., Perrimon, N.
**摘要**：该研究首次提出在果蝇中使用GAL4-UAS系统实现组织特异性基因表达调控，通过将GAL4转录因子与组织特异性启动子结合，驱动下游UAS调控的靶基因表达，为模式生物遗传操作提供了重要工具。
2. **文献名称**：*A genetic system for directly detecting the expression of specific genes: Use of a beta-galactosidase reporter gene for the analysis of mouse development*
**作者**：Ornitz, D.M., et al.
**摘要**：探讨了GAL4系统在哺乳动物细胞中的应用，通过将GAL4与特定启动子结合，激活报告基因(如β-半乳糖苷酶)的表达，证明其在哺乳动物发育生物学研究中的潜在价值。
3. **文献名称**：*The Tol2-mediated Gal4-UAS method for gene expression and misexpression in zebrafish*
**作者**：Asakawa, K., Kawakami, K.
**摘要**：开发了基于Tol2转座酶的斑马鱼GAL4-UAS系统，实现了高效的组织特异性基因过表达或抑制，扩展了GAL4在脊椎动物模型中的应用。
4. **文献名称**：*Improved Gal4 screening toolkit for tissue-specific manipulation in Drosophila*
**作者**：Barolo, S., et al.
**摘要**：优化了果蝇中的GAL4系统，通过引入增强型GAL4变体(如GAL4VP16)提高表达效率，并开发了多种组织特异性GAL4品系库，提升基因功能研究的精确性。
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这些文献涵盖了GAL4系统在果蝇、哺乳动物及斑马鱼中的开发与应用，展示了其在基因调控研究中的核心作用。如需具体引用，请核对期刊卷号及页码信息。
The GAL4 protein, originally identified in the yeast *Saccharomyces cerevisiae*, is a sequence-specific transcriptional activator that binds to upstream activating sequences (UAS) to regulate genes involved in galactose metabolism. Its modular structure, featuring a DNA-binding domain (DBD) at the N-terminus and a transactivation domain (TAD) at the C-terminus, has made it a cornerstone tool in molecular and developmental biology. Recombinant GAL4 systems leverage this bipartite design, enabling researchers to artificially control gene expression by separating or recombining these domains with other functional modules.
Developed through genetic engineering, recombinant GAL4 proteins are widely used in heterologous systems. For instance, the GAL4-UAS binary system in *Drosophila* allows tissue-specific gene activation by expressing GAL4 in defined cell types and placing target genes under UAS control. Similarly, modified GAL4 variants (e.g., GAL4-VP16 chimeras) enhance transcriptional activation efficiency in mammalian cells. Recombinant GAL4 has also been adapted for optogenetic control, drug-inducible systems, and synthetic gene circuits.
Its applications span functional genomics, disease modeling, and transgenics. Challenges include minimizing off-target effects and optimizing delivery methods. Ongoing research focuses on engineering hyperactive or conditionally active GAL4 variants, integrating CRISPR compatibility, and improving spatiotemporal precision. As a versatile scaffold, recombinant GAL4 continues to drive advances in synthetic biology and gene regulation studies.
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