| WB | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IF | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IHC | 1/20-1/100 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| ICC | 技术咨询 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| FCM | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Elisa | 1/5000-1/10000 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Aliases | HLA-DXA; HLADQA2; DX-ALPHA |
| Host/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
| Antibody Type | Primary antibody |
| Storage | Store at 4°C short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Species Reactivity | Human |
| Immunogen | Synthetic peptide of human HLA-DQA2 |
| Formulation | Purified antibody in PBS with 0.05% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. |
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以下是关于HLA-DQA2抗体的3篇参考文献示例，涵盖不同研究方向：
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1. **文献名称**：*HLA-DQA2 Allelic Variation Modulates Autoimmune Diabetes Susceptibility in a Population Cohort*
**作者**：Smith, J.R. et al.
**摘要**：研究HLA-DQA2等位基因在1型糖尿病中的分布，发现特定单倍型(如DQA2*03:01)显著增加疾病风险，提示其与胰岛细胞自身抗体产生相关。
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2. **文献名称**：*Anti-HLA-DQA2 Antibodies as Biomarkers in Kidney Transplant Rejection*
**作者**：Kim, H. & Patel, R.D.
**摘要**：分析肾移植受者中HLA-DQA2抗体的临床意义，发现术前抗体阳性与术后急性排斥反应发生率升高相关，建议将其纳入移植前免疫风险评估指标。
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3. **文献名称**：*Development of a High-Specificity Monoclonal Antibody for HLA-DQA2 Epitope Mapping*
**作者**：Lee, S. et al.
**摘要**：报道一种新型HLA-DQA2单克隆抗体的制备，通过流式细胞术验证其特异性，并应用于抗原呈递细胞表面HLA-DQA2表达水平的定量检测。
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**备注**：以上文献为示例，实际引用需根据具体研究通过学术数据库(如PubMed、Web of Science)检索确认。HLA-DQA2相关研究相对较少，可扩展检索至HLA-II类基因家族或交叉反应抗体领域。
**Background of HLA-DQA2 Antibodies**
HLA-DQA2. a gene within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex on chromosome 6p21.3. encodes the α-chain of the HLA-DQ heterodimer, a key component of MHC class II molecules. These molecules present exogenous antigens to CD4+ T-cells, critical for adaptive immune responses. Unlike HLA-DQA1. which pairs with HLA-DQB1 to form the canonical HLA-DQ molecule, HLA-DQA2 exhibits limited polymorphism and lower expression. However, HLA-DQA2 can form non-canonical DQ heterodimers (e.g., with DQB2), though their functional roles remain less understood.
Antibodies targeting HLA-DQA2 are primarily studied in autoimmune diseases and transplantation. In autoimmune contexts, such as celiac disease or rheumatoid arthritis, anti-HLA-DQA2 antibodies may arise due to molecular mimicry or epitope spreading, contributing to tissue damage. In transplantation, preformed or de novo HLA-DQA2 antibodies are associated with graft rejection, as they may recognize donor-specific HLA antigens, triggering immune-mediated injury.
Detection methods include solid-phase assays (e.g., Luminex-based single-antigen beads) and cell-based crossmatches. While HLA-DQA2 antibodies are less frequently characterized than those against HLA-DQ/DR/DP, emerging evidence highlights their clinical relevance, particularly in sensitized patients or rare HLA haplotypes. Research continues to clarify their pathogenicity and diagnostic utility in precision medicine.
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