| WB | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IF | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IHC | 1/50-1/200 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| ICC | 技术咨询 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| FCM | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Elisa | 1/2000-1/5000 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Aliases | E3; LAD; DLDD; DLDH; GCSL; PHE3 |
| Host/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
| Antibody Type | Primary antibody |
| Storage | Store at 4°C short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Species Reactivity | Human, Mouse, Rat |
| Immunogen | Fusion protein of human DLD |
| Formulation | Purified antibody in PBS with 0.05% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. |
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以下是为您模拟的3篇关于DLD(二氢硫辛酰胺脱氢酶)抗体的参考文献示例。请注意，这些内容为假设性示例，实际文献需通过学术数据库(如PubMed、Google Scholar)检索：
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1. **文献名称**：*Autoantibodies against Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase in Autoimmune Hepatitis*
**作者**：Smith J, et al.
**摘要**：本研究报道了在自身免疫性肝炎患者血清中检测到抗DLD抗体的存在，揭示了该抗体与线粒体代谢异常的相关性，提示其可能作为疾病的新型生物标志物。
2. **文献名称**：*Structural Characterization of DLD-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies for Metabolic Disorder Diagnosis*
**作者**：Lee S, et al.
**摘要**：作者开发了高特异性的单克隆DLD抗体，通过X射线晶体学解析抗体-抗原结合表位，为DLD缺乏症的精准诊断提供了新型检测工具。
3. **文献名称**：*DLD Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies*
**作者**：Garcia R, et al.
**摘要**：该研究探讨了商业DLD抗体在免疫组化中的交叉反应性问题，强调不同物种间DLD蛋白的抗体特异性差异对线粒体脑肌病诊断的影响。
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**建议**：如需真实文献，可通过以下关键词检索：
`"dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase antibody"`
`"DLD autoantibody"`
`"anti-DLD antibody autoimmune"`
DLD (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase) antibodies are autoantibodies targeting the mitochondrial enzyme dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, a key component in cellular energy metabolism. This enzyme, also known as E3. plays a critical role in multiple dehydrogenase complexes, including the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, and branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. These complexes are essential for the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and amino acid metabolism.
DLD antibodies are primarily associated with autoimmune disorders, particularly in the context of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), where they are classified as a subset of antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA). While AMA-M2 remains the hallmark marker for PBC, DLD antibodies are less frequently detected and may correlate with specific clinical features or disease progression. They have also been reported in rare cases of drug-induced liver injury and autoimmune hepatitis.
The detection of DLD antibodies typically involves immunoassays or immunoblotting techniques using purified or recombinant antigens. Their clinical utility lies in aiding the diagnosis of autoimmune liver diseases, though their sensitivity and specificity are lower compared to other autoantibodies. Research continues to explore their pathogenic role, particularly in mitochondrial dysfunction and immune-mediated tissue damage. Understanding DLD antibodies contributes to unraveling the complex interplay between metabolic enzymes and autoimmunity.
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