Recombinant Human FGF22 protein

Fibroblast growth factor 22 (FGF22) is a member of the FGF family, which comprises 22 structurally related proteins regulating diverse biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and tissue repair. FGF22 belongs to the FGF7/10/22 subfamily (paracrine FGFs) and signals through fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) with heparan sulfate as a cofactor. It was first identified in the early 2000s through genomic analyses, with studies revealing its preferential expression in the nervous system, particularly the brain and peripheral nerves.

Functionally, FGF22 plays critical roles in neural development and synaptic plasticity. It stabilizes presynaptic terminals by binding to FGFR2 in neurons, influencing neurotransmitter release and neural circuit formation. Animal studies link FGF22 dysregulation to neurological disorders, including epilepsy and neuropathic pain. For instance, FGF22 knockout mice exhibit abnormal synapse morphology and increased seizure susceptibility, highlighting its neuroprotective potential.

Recombinant FGF22 protein is produced using prokaryotic (e.g., E. coli) or eukaryotic (e.g., mammalian, insect cells) expression systems, followed by purification via affinity chromatography. Its engineered form retains native bioactivity while ensuring high purity for research applications. Current studies employ recombinant FGF22 to explore therapeutic strategies for nerve injury, hearing loss (via cochlear support cell modulation), and neurodegenerative diseases. Structural analyses (e.g., X-ray crystallography) of recombinant FGF22 have further clarified its receptor-binding domains, aiding targeted drug design. Despite progress, challenges remain in optimizing its stability, delivery mechanisms, and tissue-specific targeting for clinical translation.