Recombinant Human CENPB protein

CENPB (Centromere Protein B) is a key component of the centromere, a specialized chromosomal region essential for proper chromosome segregation during cell division. It belongs to the CENP protein family, which plays critical roles in kinetochore assembly, sister chromatid cohesion, and microtubule attachment. CENPB is unique for its ability to bind centromeric alpha-satellite DNA through a conserved N-terminal DNA-binding domain, facilitating the recruitment of other centromere-associated proteins like CENP-A and CENP-C. This interaction stabilizes the kinetochore structure and ensures fidelity in chromosome segregation.

Recombinant CENPB protein is produced using expression systems such as *E. coli* or mammalian cells, enabling researchers to study its biochemical properties and molecular interactions in vitro. Its recombinant form retains the functional domains, including the DNA-binding region and a C-terminal dimerization domain, which are critical for mimicking native protein behavior. Studies utilizing recombinant CENPB have elucidated its role in maintaining centromere identity, epigenetic regulation, and responses to mitotic stress.

Dysregulation of CENPB is linked to chromosomal instability, a hallmark of cancers and developmental disorders. Autoantibodies targeting CENPB are also observed in autoimmune conditions like scleroderma, making it a diagnostic marker. Recombinant CENPB serves as a tool for investigating these pathologies, screening therapeutic agents, and developing antibody detection assays. Additionally, it aids in exploring centromere evolution, as CENPB’s conserved function across species highlights its fundamental role in eukaryotic cell division. Ongoing research continues to unravel its interplay with epigenetic modifiers and its potential as a target for anti-cancer therapies.