Recombinant Human GNG11 protein

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit gamma-11 (GNG11) is a member of the G protein γ subunit family, which plays a critical role in cellular signal transduction by forming heterotrimeric G proteins with α and β subunits. These complexes mediate intracellular responses to extracellular signals via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), influencing pathways regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. GNG11 is encoded by the GNG11 gene located on human chromosome 7p14.3 and is highly expressed in certain tissues, including the brain, heart, and endocrine organs. Emerging studies suggest its involvement in cancer biology, particularly as a potential tumor suppressor. For example, reduced GNG11 expression has been linked to poor prognosis in gastric, prostate, and colorectal cancers, possibly due to its role in modulating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

Recombinant GNG11 protein is engineered through molecular cloning, typically expressed in bacterial (e.g., E. coli) or mammalian systems to ensure proper post-translational modifications. It is purified using affinity chromatography, often tagged with His or GST for detection and isolation. This protein serves as a vital tool for studying G protein signaling mechanisms, including subunit interactions, receptor coupling, and downstream effector regulation. Researchers also use it to investigate disease-related mutations, screen for therapeutic compounds targeting GPCR pathways, or develop antibodies for diagnostic applications. Structural and functional analyses of recombinant GNG11 have provided insights into its unique regulatory roles compared to other γ subunits, such as its preferential binding to specific Gβ partners. Ongoing research aims to clarify its clinical relevance, particularly in cancer therapeutics and biomarker discovery, highlighting its dual significance in basic and translational science.