Recombinant Human ANO1 protein

ANO1 (Anoctamin 1), also known as TMEM16A, is a calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) protein encoded by the *ANO1* gene. It belongs to the anoctamin family, which comprises 10 members (ANO1-ANO10) involved in ion transport and lipid scrambling. Structurally, ANO1 consists of 10 transmembrane domains with intracellular N- and C-termini, forming a homodimeric channel. Its activation relies on elevated intracellular Ca²⁺ levels, enabling chloride ion flux across cell membranes, which regulates membrane potential, fluid secretion, and cellular excitability.

First identified in 2008. ANO1 is widely expressed in epithelial tissues, smooth muscle, and sensory neurons. It plays critical roles in physiological processes such as airway mucus secretion, gastrointestinal motility, and nociception. Dysregulation of ANO1 is linked to pathologies including cystic fibrosis (as a compensatory chloride channel), hypertension (via vascular smooth muscle contraction), and cancer. Overexpression of ANO1 has been observed in multiple carcinomas (e.g., breast, head/neck, gastrointestinal), where it promotes proliferation, migration, and metastasis.

Recombinant ANO1 proteins are engineered using expression systems (e.g., HEK293. insect cells) for functional studies and drug discovery. These purified proteins enable structural analysis (e.g., cryo-EM studies revealing Ca²⁺-binding sites), electrophysiological characterization, and high-throughput screening of modulators. Small-molecule inhibitors (e.g., T16Ainh-A01. CaCCinh-A01) and activators targeting ANO1 are under investigation for therapeutic applications in cystic fibrosis, hypertension, and cancer. Challenges include achieving isoform specificity due to high homology within the anoctamin family and optimizing pharmacokinetic properties for clinical translation.