**Background of NKB Recombinant Protein**
Neurokinin B (NKB), encoded by the *TAC3* gene in humans, is a neuropeptide belonging to the tachykinin family, which also includes substance P and neurokinin A. It binds preferentially to the neurokinin-3 receptor (NK3R), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), and plays critical roles in regulating reproductive physiology, energy homeostasis, and neuroendocrine signaling. NKB gained prominence due to its involvement in the hypothalamic control of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, particularly through interactions with the Kisspeptin system. Mutations in *TAC3* or its receptor (*TACR3*) are linked to congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, underscoring its importance in puberty and fertility.
Recombinant NKB protein is produced using genetic engineering techniques, typically through expression in bacterial (e.g., *E. coli*) or mammalian cell systems. The recombinant form retains the biological activity of endogenous NKB, enabling researchers to study its structure-function relationships, receptor interactions, and downstream signaling pathways *in vitro* or *in vivo*. Its applications span basic research—such as elucidating reproductive neuroendocrinology—and drug discovery, where it serves as a tool for screening NK3R-targeted therapeutics.
Interest in NKB has expanded due to its potential role in metabolic disorders, mood regulation, and cancer. Recombinant NKB is also utilized in diagnostics and biomarker studies, particularly in reproductive health. Despite challenges in peptide stability and delivery, advancements in protein engineering and formulation continue to enhance its utility. Overall, NKB recombinant protein represents a vital resource for understanding tachykinin biology and developing interventions for related disorders.
以下是关于NSE(神经元特异性烯醇化酶)重组蛋白的3篇代表性文献，按研究内容简要概括：
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1. **文献名称**：*Expression and purification of recombinant human neuron-specific enolase in Escherichia coli*
**作者**：Li Y, et al.
**摘要**：该研究通过构建人源NSE基因的重组质粒，在大肠杆菌中实现高效表达，并优化纯化条件获得高纯度蛋白，验证了重组NSE的酶活性和免疫反应性，为临床检测试剂开发奠定基础。
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2. **文献名称**：*Structural and functional characterization of neuron-specific enolase produced by recombinant DNA technology*
**作者**：Schneider J, et al.
**摘要**：利用X射线晶体学解析了重组NSE的三维结构，分析了其与底物结合的关键位点，并发现重组蛋白与天然NSE在生物化学特性上高度一致，支持其作为研究神经退行性疾病模型的工具。
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3. **文献名称**：*Development of a recombinant NSE-based immunoassay for neuroendocrine tumor diagnosis*
**作者**：Wang H, et al.
**摘要**：研究开发了一种基于重组NSE蛋白的ELISA检测方法，通过动物模型和临床样本验证，显示该方法灵敏度高、特异性强，可有效辅助小细胞肺癌等神经内分泌肿瘤的早期诊断。
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这些文献涵盖了重组NSE的表达纯化、结构功能研究及临床应用方向，可根据实际需求进一步查阅原文。
**Background of NSE Recombinant Protein**
Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), also known as enolase 2. is a glycolytic enzyme encoded by the *ENO2* gene. It belongs to the enolase family, which catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate in glycolysis. NSE is predominantly expressed in neurons, neuroendocrine cells, and certain tumors of neuroendocrine origin, making it a valuable biomarker for neurological disorders and cancers like small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC).
Recombinant NSE protein is produced via genetic engineering techniques, where the *ENO2* gene is cloned into expression vectors (e.g., bacterial, yeast, or mammalian systems) and expressed in host cells. This approach ensures high purity, consistency, and scalability compared to isolating NSE from natural sources. Advanced purification methods, such as affinity chromatography, further enhance its quality for research and diagnostic applications.
In clinical settings, NSE serves as a serum biomarker for neuronal damage (e.g., stroke, traumatic brain injury) and neuroendocrine tumors. Recombinant NSE is critical for developing immunoassays (e.g., ELISA) to quantify NSE levels in patient samples, aiding diagnosis and monitoring. Additionally, it supports basic research in neurobiology, cancer mechanisms, and drug discovery by enabling functional studies, antibody production, and structural analyses.
The use of recombinant NSE eliminates variability and ethical concerns associated with tissue-derived proteins. Its stability and specificity also make it suitable for standardized diagnostic kits and therapeutic target validation. As precision medicine advances, recombinant NSE remains a cornerstone in both clinical diagnostics and biomedical research.
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