| 纯度 | >90%SDS-PAGE. |
| 种属 | Human |
| 靶点 | TNP1 |
| Uniprot No | P09430 |
| 内毒素 | < 0.01EU/μg |
| 表达宿主 | E.coli |
| 表达区间 | 2-55aa |
| 氨基酸序列 | STSRKLKSHGMRRSKSRSPHKGVKRGGSKRKYRKGNLKSRKRGDDANRNYRSHL |
| 预测分子量 | kDa |
| 蛋白标签 | His tag N-Terminus |
| 缓冲液 | PBS, pH7.4, containing 0.01% SKL, 1mM DTT, 5% Trehalose and Proclin300. |
| 稳定性 & 储存条件 | Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months. |
| 复溶 | Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles. |
以下是关于TNP1重组蛋白的虚构参考文献示例，结合领域内常见研究方向整理而成：
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1. **文献名称**: "Cloning and Expression of Recombinant TNP1 in Escherichia coli: Implications for Spermatogenesis"
**作者**: S. K. Hake, R. K. Braun
**摘要**: 本研究成功构建了TNP1基因的原核表达载体，并在大肠杆菌中高效表达重组TNP1蛋白。通过亲和层析纯化后，蛋白被用于体外染色质凝聚实验，证实TNP1在精子发生过程中促进核染色质结构重排的功能。
2. **文献名称**: "Functional Analysis of Recombinant TNP1 in Chromatin Compaction Using CRISPR/Cas9-Modified Sertoli Cells"
**作者**: M. Singh, L. B. Smith
**摘要**: 作者利用重组TNP1蛋白处理基因编辑后的支持细胞，发现其能够部分恢复因TNP1缺失导致的染色质松散表型，表明TNP1在精子形成中直接参与维持核稳定性，并与组蛋白替换过程相关。
3. **文献名称**: "Structural Characterization of Human TNP1 by X-ray Crystallography and Its Binding to DNA"
**作者**: J. Zhang et al.
**摘要**: 本研究首次解析了重组人源TNP1蛋白的晶体结构(分辨率2.8Å)，揭示了其N端结构域与DNA相互作用的分子机制，为理解TNP1在精子核蛋白替换中的特异性功能提供了结构基础。
4. **文献名称**: "TNP1 Recombinant Protein as a Potential Biomarker for Male Infertility: A Proteomic Approach"
**作者**: A. Gupta, P. V. Malhotra
**摘要**: 通过比较生育力正常与不育患者的精液样本，发现重组TNP1蛋白的体外功能活性与精子染色质完整性显著相关，提示其可作为男性不育诊断的潜在分子标志物。
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注：以上文献及内容为示例性虚构，实际研究中请以真实发表的论文为准。
**Background of TNP1 Recombinant Protein**
Transition Nuclear Protein 1 (TNP1) is a small, highly basic protein critical during spermiogenesis, the final stage of sperm cell development. It is predominantly expressed in mammalian testes and plays a vital role in chromatin condensation, a process where histone proteins are replaced by protamines to compact sperm DNA. This compaction ensures genetic stability and protects the paternal genome during fertilization.
Structurally, TNP1 is characterized by its low molecular weight (~6-8 kDa) and enrichment in arginine and lysine residues, enabling strong DNA-binding affinity. Its transient expression during spermatogenesis facilitates the displacement of histones and temporary stabilization of DNA before protamine incorporation. Dysregulation of TNP1 has been linked to male infertility, abnormal sperm morphology, and impaired fertility in animal models.
Recombinant TNP1 is produced using biotechnological platforms, such as *E. coli* or mammalian expression systems, to study its biochemical properties and functional mechanisms *in vitro*. Purified recombinant TNP1 retains its DNA-binding capacity and structural features, making it a valuable tool for investigating chromatin remodeling dynamics, protein-DNA interactions, and epigenetic regulation during gametogenesis. Additionally, it aids in developing diagnostic assays for infertility and screening potential therapeutic agents targeting sperm maturation.
Research on TNP1 also contributes to understanding evolutionary conservation of chromatin packaging strategies across species and may inform innovations in reproductive biology, including contraceptive development and assisted reproductive technologies.
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