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| 纯度 | >90%SDS-PAGE. |
| 种属 | Human |
| 靶点 | GMCSF |
| Uniprot No | P04141 |
| 内毒素 | < 0.01EU/μg |
| 表达宿主 | E.coli |
| 表达区间 | 18-144aa |
| 氨基酸序列 | APARSPSPST QPWEHVNAIQ EARRLLNLSR DTAAEMNETV EVISEMFDLQ EPTCLQTRLE LYKQGLRGSL TKLKGPLTMM ASHYKQHCPP TPETSCATQT ITFESFKENL KDFLLVIPFD CWEPVQE |
| 预测分子量 | 15 kDa |
| 蛋白标签 | His tag N-Terminus |
| 缓冲液 | PBS, pH7.4, containing 0.01% SKL, 1mM DTT, 5% Trehalose and Proclin300. |
| 稳定性 & 储存条件 | Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months. |
| 复溶 | Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles. |
以下是关于GM-CSF重组蛋白的3篇代表性文献：
1. **文献名称**：*Expression of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in bacteria*
**作者**：Lee F. et al. (1985)
**摘要**：该研究首次报道了通过基因重组技术在大肠杆菌中成功表达具有生物活性的人GM-CSF，并验证了其刺激粒细胞和巨噬细胞增殖的能力，为后续临床应用奠定了基础。
2. **文献名称**：*Effect of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on hematopoietic reconstitution after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation*
**作者**：Vadhan-Raj S. et al. (1987)
**摘要**：临床试验表明，重组GM-CSF可显著加速骨髓移植后患者中性粒细胞的恢复，缩短化疗后的骨髓抑制期，降低感染风险。
3. **文献名称**：*Phase II study of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with metastatic melanoma*
**作者**：Disis M.L. et al. (1996)
**摘要**：研究探讨了GM-CSF作为肿瘤疫苗佐剂的潜力，发现其能增强树突状细胞的抗原呈递功能，促进抗肿瘤免疫应答，为癌症免疫治疗提供了新策略。
如需更多文献或特定研究方向，可进一步补充说明。
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) is a naturally occurring cytokine critical for hematopoietic and immune system regulation. Discovered in the 1960s, it stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells into granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils) and macrophages, while enhancing the functional activity of mature immune cells. Its role in inflammation, infection response, and tissue repair has made it a therapeutic target.
Recombinant GM-CSF (rhGM-CSF), produced via genetic engineering in bacterial (e.g., *E. coli*) or mammalian expression systems, retains bioactivity while addressing purity and scalability limitations of natural sources. The non-glycosylated *E. coli*-derived version (e.g., sargramostim) and glycosylated mammalian-cell versions (e.g., molgramostim) differ in pharmacokinetics but share core therapeutic applications. Clinically, rhGM-CSF is used to accelerate neutrophil recovery post-chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation, treat congenital neutropenia, and manage infections in immunocompromised patients. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was investigated for mitigating ARDS through immunomodulation.
However, its pleiotropic effects pose challenges. Overstimulation may trigger cytokine release syndrome, capillary leak syndrome, or autoimmune exacerbations. Research now explores GM-CSF's dual role in cancer—potentially promoting antitumor immunity or supporting tumor microenvironment—and its utility in vaccine adjuvants, autoimmune disease modulation, and regenerative medicine. Engineered variants with improved specificity and fusion proteins (e.g., GM-CSF/IL-3 hybrids) aim to optimize therapeutic windows. As a cornerstone of immunotherapy, rhGM-CSF continues to evolve in precision medicine paradigms.
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