| 纯度 | >90%SDS-PAGE. |
| 种属 | Human |
| 靶点 | ccdA |
| Uniprot No | Q46995 |
| 内毒素 | < 0.01EU/μg |
| 表达宿主 | E.coli |
| 表达区间 | 1-72aa |
| 氨基酸序列 | MKQRITVAGDSDNYQLLKAYDVNISGLVSTPMQNEARRLRPERWKVANQEGMAEVARFIEMNGSFADENRDW |
| 预测分子量 | 15.6 kDa |
| 蛋白标签 | His tag N-Terminus |
| 缓冲液 | PBS, pH7.4, containing 0.01% SKL, 1mM DTT, 5% Trehalose and Proclin300. |
| 稳定性 & 储存条件 | Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months. |
| 复溶 | Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles. |
以下是关于ccdA重组蛋白的3篇代表性文献示例(注：文献信息为模拟生成，仅供参考)：
1. **文献名称**: *Structural insights into the ccdA-ccdB toxin-antitoxin system by X-ray crystallography*
**作者**: Smith J, et al.
**摘要**: 本研究通过重组表达并纯化ccdA和ccdB蛋白，利用X射线晶体学解析了二者的复合物结构，揭示了ccdA通过特定α螺旋与ccdB结合并抑制其毒素活性的分子机制。
2. **文献名称**: *Functional characterization of recombinant ccdA protein in bacterial plasmid stability*
**作者**: Lee S, et al.
**摘要**: 作者构建了重组ccdA蛋白表达系统，通过体内实验证明其能够中和ccdB的DNA促旋酶毒性作用，维持质粒稳定性，为细菌耐药性机制研究提供了实验依据。
3. **文献名称**: *Development of a ccdA-based biosensor for screening antibacterial compounds*
**作者**: Zhang R, et al.
**摘要**: 该研究利用重组ccdA蛋白与荧光标记的ccdB构建体外互作体系，开发了一种高通量筛选抑制毒素-抗毒素结合的小分子化合物的方法，为新型抗菌药物研发提供技术平台。
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**说明**：
- 真实文献可通过PubMed/Google Scholar以"ccdA recombinant protein"、"ccdA-ccdB interaction"等关键词检索;
- 经典研究多聚焦于该系统的结构解析(如PDB 1XVG)、基因调控机制及其在合成生物学中的应用。
**Background of ccdA Recombinant Protein**
The ccdA protein is a key component of the *ccd* (control of cell death) toxin-antitoxin (TA) system, originally identified in the F plasmid of *Escherichia coli*. TA systems are genetic modules that promote plasmid stability through a post-segregational killing mechanism. In the *ccd* system, ccdA acts as the antitoxin, neutralizing its cognate toxin, CcdB, by forming a stable complex. When a plasmid carrying the *ccd* system is lost during bacterial division, the labile ccdA protein degrades faster than CcdB, freeing the toxin to inhibit DNA gyrase, ultimately leading to cell death. This ensures selective survival of plasmid-containing bacteria, enhancing plasmid maintenance in bacterial populations.
Recombinant ccdA is produced via genetic engineering, typically by cloning the *ccdA* gene into expression vectors (e.g., pET or pGEX systems) and expressing it in bacterial hosts like *E. coli*. Purification often involves affinity chromatography (e.g., His-tag systems) followed by ion-exchange or size-exclusion chromatography to ensure high purity. The protein’s stability and function are influenced by its dimeric structure and interaction with CcdB, making structural studies critical for optimizing its applications.
ccdA has broad utility in molecular biology and biotechnology. It is employed to stabilize plasmids in recombinant protein production, particularly for large or toxic genes. Additionally, the ccdA/CcdB interaction serves as a model for studying TA system dynamics, bacterial persistence, and programmed cell death. In synthetic biology, engineered ccdA variants are explored for developing plasmid-selection tools or antimicrobial strategies targeting TA systems. Its role in bacterial stress adaptation also makes it relevant for investigating antibiotic tolerance mechanisms.
Overall, ccdA recombinant protein is a versatile tool for both basic research and biotechnological applications, bridging studies on plasmid maintenance, bacterial physiology, and therapeutic development.
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