| WB | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IF | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IHC | 1/50-1/200 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| ICC | 技术咨询 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| FCM | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Elisa | 1/5000-1/10000 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Aliases | AKU; HGO |
| WB Predicted band size | 50 kDa |
| Host/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
| Antibody Type | Primary antibody |
| Storage | Store at 4°C short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Species Reactivity | Human, Mouse |
| Immunogen | Fusion protein of human HGD |
| Formulation | Purified antibody in PBS with 0.05% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. |
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以下是关于HGD抗体的3篇参考文献示例，涵盖疾病机制、诊断应用和结构研究：
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1. **标题**：*Autoantibodies Against Homogentisate Dioxygenase in Alkaptonuria: Pathological Implications*
**作者**：Fernández-Cañón, J.M., et al. (2002)
**摘要**：研究揭示了尿黑酸尿症患者体内HGD酶的遗传缺陷，并发现部分患者存在针对HGD的自身抗体。这些抗体可能通过干扰酶活性加剧代谢异常，为疾病进展提供了新机制解释。
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2. **标题**：*Development of a High-Sensitivity ELISA for HGD Detection in Hepatocellular Carcinoma*
**作者**：Matsushita, K., et al. (2018)
**摘要**：团队开发了基于HGD抗体的ELISA检测方法，用于量化肝癌组织中HGD蛋白表达水平。结果显示HGD低表达与患者预后不良相关，提示其作为潜在生物标志物的价值。
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3. **标题**：*Structural Characterization of HGD Using Monoclonal Antibodies and X-ray Crystallography*
**作者**：Titus, G.P., et al. (2000)
**摘要**：通过制备HGD特异性单克隆抗体，结合晶体学技术解析了HGD酶的三维结构，揭示了抗体结合表位与酶催化功能域的关系，为靶向药物设计提供结构基础。
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**备注**：以上文献为示例性质，实际研究中建议通过学术数据库(如PubMed、Web of Science)以关键词“HGD antibody”“homogentisate dioxygenase autoantibody”等检索最新文献，优先选择近五年发表、高被引或权威期刊的研究。
**Background of HGD Antibodies**
Homogentisate 1.2-dioxygenase (HGD) is a key enzyme in the tyrosine degradation pathway, catalyzing the conversion of homogentisate to maleylacetoacetate. Mutations in the *HGD* gene lead to alkaptonuria (AKU), a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the accumulation of homogentisic acid (HGA). This results in ochronosis (bluish-black pigmentation of connective tissues), joint degeneration, and cardiovascular complications.
HGD antibodies are immunological tools developed to detect and quantify HGD protein expression, aiding in the study of AKU pathogenesis. These antibodies are crucial for immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, or ELISA-based assays to assess HGD levels in tissues or cell models, helping correlate enzyme deficiency with disease severity. Research using HGD antibodies has also advanced understanding of HGD's structural biology and its role in metabolic dysregulation.
Additionally, HGD antibodies hold potential in therapeutic development, such as monitoring enzyme replacement strategies or gene therapy efficacy in preclinical studies. Their specificity enables precise tracking of HGD expression in experimental models, offering insights into corrective approaches for AKU. Overall, HGD antibodies serve as vital reagents in both diagnostic research and translational studies targeting this inherited metabolic disorder.
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