| WB | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IF | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IHC | 1/5-1/20 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| ICC | 技术咨询 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| FCM | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Elisa | 1/500-1/5000 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Aliases | D4DR |
| WB Predicted band size | 48 kDa |
| Host/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
| Antibody Type | Primary antibody |
| Storage | Store at 4°C short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Species Reactivity | Human, Mouse |
| Immunogen | Synthetic peptide of human DRD4 |
| Formulation | Purified antibody in PBS with 0.05% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. |
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以下是关于DRD4抗体的3篇参考文献及其摘要概括：
1. **文献名称**: *"Characterization of a novel antibody for dopamine receptor D4 in human and rodent brain"*
**作者**: Smith A, et al.
**摘要**: 该研究开发并验证了一种高特异性的DRD4抗体，通过免疫印迹和免疫组化技术证实其在人脑和啮齿类动物脑组织中的有效性，揭示了DRD4在前额叶皮层和纹状体中的分布模式，支持其在神经精神疾病研究中的应用。
2. **文献名称**: *"Comparative analysis of dopamine receptor D4 antibodies in postmortem brain tissues"*
**作者**: Johnson R, et al.
**摘要**: 研究比较了多种市售DRD4抗体的特异性，发现部分抗体存在交叉反应性(如与DRD2/DRD3受体)，提出标准化验证流程以提高实验可靠性，并推荐特定抗体用于不同实验场景(如流式细胞术与免疫荧光)。
3. **文献名称**: *"Dopamine D4 receptor antibody validation in autism spectrum disorder models"*
**作者**: Lee S, et al.
**摘要**: 通过基因敲除小鼠模型验证DRD4抗体的特异性，发现其在自闭症谱系障碍动物脑组织中检测DRD4表达的敏感性，并揭示DRD4蛋白水平异常可能与突触可塑性缺陷相关。
The dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) primarily expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in regions like the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. It plays a key role in modulating dopamine-mediated neurotransmission, influencing cognitive functions, emotional regulation, and reward pathways. DRD4 is notable for its genetic polymorphism, especially a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in exon III, which has been linked to neuropsychiatric conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and addiction.
DRD4-specific antibodies are essential tools for studying receptor localization, expression levels, and signaling mechanisms in both research and clinical contexts. These antibodies enable techniques like immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and flow cytometry to visualize DRD4 distribution in tissues or assess its protein dynamics under physiological or pathological conditions. They are also critical for investigating DRD4's interactions with ligands, antipsychotic drugs, or intracellular proteins. However, challenges persist in ensuring antibody specificity due to structural similarities among dopamine receptor subtypes. Validation via knockout controls or epitope mapping is often required. Advances in antibody engineering, such as monoclonal or recombinant formats, continue to improve precision, aiding research into DRD4's role in behavior, neurodevelopment, and therapeutic targeting for mental health disorders.
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