| WB | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IF | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IHC | 1/25-1/100 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| ICC | 技术咨询 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| FCM | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Elisa | 1/2000-1/5000 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Aliases | PT; THPH1; RPRGL2 |
| Host/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
| Antibody Type | Primary antibody |
| Storage | Store at 4°C short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Species Reactivity | Human, Mouse, Rat |
| Immunogen | Synthetic peptide of human F2 |
| Formulation | Purified antibody in PBS with 0.05% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. |
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以下是3-4条关于F2抗体(凝血酶原/凝血因子II相关抗体)的虚构参考文献示例(文献信息为模拟生成，非真实文献)：
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1. **文献名称**: *"Anti-F2 Antibodies in Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Clinical Correlations and Thrombotic Risk"*
**作者**: Smith A, et al. (2015)
**摘要**: 研究抗磷脂综合征(APS)患者中抗凝血酶原(F2)抗体的检出率及其与血栓事件的关联。发现高滴度抗F2抗体与静脉血栓风险增加相关，提示其可能作为APS的预后生物标志物。
2. **文献名称**: *"Mechanisms of F2 Antibody-Mediated Thrombosis in Autoimmune Disorders"*
**作者**: Johnson B, et al. (2020)
**摘要**: 探讨抗F2抗体通过结合凝血酶原-β2糖蛋白I复合物激活内皮细胞和血小板，促进血栓形成的分子机制，为靶向治疗提供理论依据。
3. **文献名称**: *"Diagnostic Utility of Anti-F2 Antibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus"*
**作者**: Lee C, et al. (2018)
**摘要**: 分析系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者中抗F2抗体的临床意义，发现其与狼疮抗凝物(LA)阳性率及疾病活动指数(SLEDAI)显著相关，可能辅助SLE血栓风险评估。
4. **文献名称**: *"Inhibition of Prothrombin Activation by Monoclonal F2 Antibodies: An In Vitro Study"*
**作者**: Müller D, et al. (2022)
**摘要**: 报道一种单克隆抗F2抗体在体外实验中通过阻断凝血酶原转化为凝血酶，抑制凝血级联反应，为开发新型抗凝药物提供潜在方向。
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注：以上文献为示例性内容，实际研究中请参考真实发表的学术论文。
The F2 antibody, also called anti-prothrombin antibody, is an autoantibody targeting prothrombin (coagulation factor II), a key protein in the blood clotting cascade. First identified in the 1950s, it gained clinical significance due to its association with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), a thrombotic disorder characterized by recurrent thrombosis or pregnancy complications. Unlike classic antiphospholipid antibodies that recognize phospholipid-protein complexes, F2 antibodies directly bind prothrombin or its complexes with phosphatidylserine. These antibodies are detected via ELISA and contribute to APS pathogenesis by interfering with coagulation regulation. They may promote thrombus formation by increasing thrombin generation or inhibiting anticoagulant pathways.
F2 antibodies are present in 30-50% of APS patients, often coexisting with lupus anticoagulant or anti-cardiolipin antibodies. Their clinical utility remains debated due to heterogeneity in detection methods and variable correlation with specific symptoms. While IgG isotypes are more strongly linked to thrombosis, IgM variants show weaker clinical associations. Beyond APS, elevated F2 antibodies occur in systemic lupus erythematosus, infections, and drug-induced autoimmunity. Current research focuses on standardizing assays, clarifying pathogenic mechanisms, and exploring therapeutic targets. Despite being less routinely tested than other antiphospholipid antibodies, F2 antibodies provide diagnostic and prognostic value in specific APS subgroups, highlighting the complexity of autoimmune coagulopathies.
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