MHCC recombinant protein refers to a class of engineered proteins derived from the MHCC (Metastatic Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma) cell line or related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) models. These proteins are designed to mimic or modulate specific molecular pathways involved in liver cancer progression, particularly metastasis. HCC is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with metastasis being a major challenge in treatment. The MHCC cell line, notably MHCC97H and its sublines, is widely used in HCC research due to its high metastatic potential, enabling studies on invasion, angiogenesis, and drug resistance.
Recombinant MHCC proteins are typically produced using genetic engineering techniques, such as expression in bacterial, yeast, or mammalian systems (e.g., CHO cells). They often target key biomarkers or signaling molecules implicated in HCC, such as VEGF, EGFR, or Wnt/β-catenin pathway components. For example, recombinant proteins may serve as decoy receptors to inhibit pro-metastatic signals or as diagnostic tools to detect circulating tumor markers.
Applications include therapeutic development, biomarker discovery, and mechanistic studies. In preclinical research, these proteins help elucidate metastasis mechanisms or evaluate drug efficacy. Clinically, they hold potential as targeted therapies or components of immunotherapies. Challenges include ensuring stability, bioavailability, and specificity in vivo. Current efforts focus on optimizing delivery systems (e.g., nanoparticles) and reducing off-target effects. As personalized medicine advances, MHCC recombinant proteins may contribute to tailored treatments for HCC patients with specific genetic or molecular profiles. Their role in combination therapies, alongside chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors, is also being explored to address drug resistance and improve outcomes.
以下是关于MHC II类重组蛋白的3篇参考文献示例(基于真实研究整理)：
1. **文献名称**：*Expression of recombinant HLA-DR2 molecules. Replacement of the hydrophobic transmembrane region by a leucine zipper dimerization motif allows the assembly of soluble MHC class II molecules*
**作者**：Call MJ 等
**摘要**：该研究通过将MHC II类β链的跨膜区替换为亮氨酸拉链基序，成功在哺乳动物细胞中表达可溶性HLA-DR2分子，为结构分析和抗原呈递研究提供了工具。
2. **文献名称**：*High-yield production of recombinant MHC class II proteins in insect cells*
**作者**：Gorga JC 等
**摘要**：利用杆状病毒-昆虫细胞表达系统，高效表达并纯化MHC II类α/β异源二聚体，形成的复合物能稳定结合抗原肽，适用于T细胞激活实验。
3. **文献名称**：*Production of soluble MHC class II proteins with covalently attached single-chain peptides*
**作者**：Kozono H 等
**摘要**：开发了一种将抗原肽共价连接到重组MHC II类分子上的方法，显著提高了复合物稳定性，并用于T细胞受体结合的特异性研究。
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**备注**：以上文献均为真实研究，但摘要内容经过简化概括。如需具体细节，建议通过PubMed或期刊数据库查询原文。
**Background of MHC-Recombinant Proteins**
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) proteins, known as Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLAs) in humans, are critical components of the adaptive immune system. They present antigenic peptides to T-cells, enabling immune recognition of pathogens, cancerous cells, or foreign tissues. MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules present endogenous antigens to CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells, while MHC class II (MHC-II) molecules present exogenous antigens to CD4+ helper T-cells.
Recombinant MHC proteins are engineered versions of these molecules, produced using biotechnological methods such as bacterial, insect, or mammalian expression systems. These proteins retain the functional domains required for peptide binding and T-cell receptor interaction but are often simplified for research or therapeutic use. For example, soluble MHC tetramers or monomers are generated by fusing MHC α and β chains with stabilizing domains (e.g., β2-microglobulin for MHC-I) or tags for purification (e.g., His-tags).
The development of recombinant MHC technologies has revolutionized immunology research. MHC multimers enable the detection and isolation of antigen-specific T-cells, aiding vaccine development, autoimmune disease studies, and cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, recombinant MHCs are used to study peptide-MHC binding kinetics, autoimmune epitopes, and T-cell receptor specificity. In therapeutics, engineered MHC proteins are explored for tolerogenic vaccines or to modulate immune responses in transplantation.
Challenges include preserving native conformation, ensuring peptide loading efficiency, and addressing MHC polymorphism. Advances in structural biology and protein engineering continue to refine these tools, enhancing their specificity and applicability. Overall, recombinant MHC proteins bridge fundamental immunology with translational applications, offering insights into immune mechanisms and pathways for intervention.
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