Recombinant E.coli IFNt protein

Interferon tau (IFNt), a unique type I interferon, was first identified in ruminant species (e.g., sheep, cattle) as a maternal recognition signal during early pregnancy. Unlike classical type I IFNs (e.g., IFN-α/β), IFNt is primarily secreted by the trophectoderm of the conceptus and plays a pivotal role in preventing luteolysis by suppressing uterine estrogen and prostaglandin synthesis, thereby maintaining corpus luteum function and establishing pregnancy. This non-viral-inducible interferon exhibits low species-specificity, allowing cross-species activity in vitro, and possesses reduced cytotoxicity compared to other IFNs, making it a promising therapeutic candidate.

Recombinant IFNt (rIFNt) is produced via genetic engineering in expression systems such as *E. coli* or mammalian cell lines. Its structure retains conserved IFN features, including a helical bundle core, but differs in receptor-binding regions, contributing to distinct biological properties. Studies highlight rIFNt’s immunomodulatory, antiviral, and anti-proliferative effects, with potential applications in autoimmune diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis), chronic viral infections, and cancer therapy. Notably, its low antigenicity minimizes adverse immune reactions, a limitation of conventional IFN therapies.

In reproductive biotechnology, rIFNt is explored to enhance embryo implantation in assisted reproductive technologies. Recent advances include PEGylated formulations to prolong half-life and nanoparticle-based delivery systems for targeted therapy. As a research tool, it aids in deciphering embryo-maternal signaling pathways. Despite preclinical promise, clinical translation requires further pharmacokinetic and safety evaluations. Overall, rIFNt represents a multifaceted protein bridging reproductive biology and therapeutic innovation.